Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes merupakan salah satu penyebab infeksi saluran pernapasan bagian atas (ISPA) khususnya faringitis. Salah satu bahan alam yang mengandung antibakteri alami adalah rimpang jahe merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoc var. rubrum) dan dikembangkan menjadi produk farmasi berupa tablet hisap. Tablet hisap dipilih karena dapat memberikan efek lokal dirongga mulut selama penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak rimpang jahe merah menjadi tablet hisap yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan memenuhi evaluasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran dan pembuatan tablet hisap dengan metode granulasi basah. Hasil karakterisasi simplisia menunjukkan kadar air 9%, kadar abu total 3,5%, kadar sari larut air 19,17% dan kadar sari larut etanol 10%. Hasil karakterisasi eksktrak menunjukkan kadar air 9,33%, kadar abu total 6%, kadar sari larut air 39,17% dan kadar sari larut etanol 30,83%. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak rimpang jahe merah menunjukkan positif alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin.. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rimpang jahe merah terhadap bakteri S.pyogenes pada konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20% menghasilkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 10,24; 11,33; 12,31; 13,65; dan 14,98 mm. Hasil evaluasi sediaan tablet F0 memiliki warna putih, tidak ada aroma dan bentuk bulat permukaan halus dan hanya memenuhi syarat uji keseragaman bobot, sedangkan evaluasi sediaan tablet F1 memiliki warna putih kekuningan, aroma khas jahe dan bentuk bulat permukaan kasar serta memenuhi syarat uji keseragaman bobot dan kekerasan. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri tablet hisap tidak menunjukkan zona hambat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang jahe merah memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, sedangkan sediaan tablet hisap ekstrak rimpang jahe merah tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri.

Kata kunci : Streptococcus pyogenes, rimpang jahe merah, tablet hisap, antibakteri

Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria are one of the causes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), particularly pharyngitis. One natural ingredient containing natural antibacterial properties is red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoc var. rubrum), which has been developed into a pharmaceutical product in the form of lozenges. Lozenges were chosen because they can provide a local effect in the oral cavity during use. This study aimed to formulate red ginger rhizome extract into lozenges that have antibacterial activity and meet the evaluation criteria. Antibacterial activity test using the well method and making lozenges using the wet granulation method. The results of the characterization of the simplicia showed a water content of 9%, a total ash content of 3.5%, a water-soluble extract content of 19.17% and an ethanol-soluble extract content of 10%. The results of the extract characterization showed a water content of 9.33%, a total ash content of 6%, a water-soluble extract content of 39.17% and an ethanol-soluble extract content of 30.83%. The results of phytochemical screening of red ginger rhizome extract showed positive alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antibacterial activity test of red ginger rhizome extract against S. pyogenes bacteria at concentrations of 2,5%; 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% produced an average inhibition zone diameter of 10,24; 11,33; 12,31; 13,65; and 14,98 mm. The evaluation results of the F0 tablet preparation were white in color, no aroma and a round shape with a smooth surface and only met the requirements for weight uniformity test, while the evaluation of the F1 tablet preparation was yellowish white, a distinctive ginger aroma and a round shape with a rough surface and met the requirements for weight and hardness uniformity test. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the lozenges did not show an inhibition zone. Based on these results, it was concluded that the red ginger rhizome extract had antibacterial activity, while the red ginger rhizome extract lozenge tablet preparation did not show antibacterial activity. Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes, red ginger rhizome, lozenges, antibacterial