Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Minyak nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yang mengandung patchouli alcohol dan memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis, termasuk potensi toksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi toksisitas sediaan Patchouli Essential Oil–Nanosulfur Nanoemulsions (PEO-S-Nanoemulsions) terhadap larva Artemia salina L. menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Tiga formulasi diuji: F0 (kontrol), F1 (1,5 mL minyak nilam dan sulfur nanopartikel), dan F2 (3 mL minyak nilam dan sulfur nanopartikel). Hasil evaluasi sediaan menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formulasi memiliki warna putih gading dan putoh susu, aroma khas minyak nilam, dan berbentuk cair, serta pH dalam rentang 6 - 6,6. Uji Transparansi menunjukkan bahwa semua sediaan tidak tembus cahaya. Uji stabilitas dan homogen nya menunjukkan semua sediaan dalam keadaan stabil dan homogen. Ukuran partikel berturut-turut sebesar 43 nm, 405 nm, dan 428 nm. Semua sediaan termasuk tipe emulsi O/W. Karakterisasi TGA menunjukkan F2 memiliki stabilitas termal terbaik (titik tengah 125°C). SEM menunjukkan partikel F0 dan F1 memiliki morfologi seragam, sedangkan F2 mengalami aglomerasi. Uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa F2 paling toksik (LC50 = 0,55 ppm), diikuti F1 (LC50 = 212,00 ppm), dan F0 (LC50 = 1336267,30 ppm). Formulasi F1 dianggap paling optimal karena menunjukkan keseimbangan antara karakteristik fisik, stabilitas, dan toksisitas.

Kata kunci: Minyak nilam, Patchouli alcohol, Nanoemulsi, BSLT, Artemia salina, Toksisitas

Patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is one of Indonesia’s leading essential oil commodities, known for its content of patchouli alcohol and various biological activities, including potential toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Patchouli Essential Oil–Nanosulfur Nanoemulsions (PEO-S-Nanoemulsions) against Artemia salina L. larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Three formulations were tested: F0 (control), F1 (1.5 mL patchouli oil and sulfur nanoparticles), and F2 (3 mL patchouli oil and sulfur nanoparticles). Evaluation of the formulations showed that all three had an ivory white to milky white appearance, a characteristic patchouli scent, a liquid form, and pH values ranging from 6.0 to 6.6. Transparency tests showed that all formulations were opaque. Stability and homogeneity tests indicated that all formulations remained stable and homogeneous. The particle sizes were 43 nm, 405 nm, and 428 nm, respectively. All formulations were classified as oil- in-water (O/W) emulsions. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed that F2 had the best thermal stability, with a midpoint degradation temperature of 125°C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that the particle morphology in F0 and F1 was uniform, whereas F2 showed particle agglomeration. The toxicity test showed that F2 was the most toxic (LC50 = 0,55 ppm), followed by F1 (LC50 = 212,00 ppm), and F0 (LC50 = 1336267,30 ppm). Formulation F1 was considered the most optimal as it demonstrated a balanced profile in terms of physical characteristics, stability, and toxicity. Keywords: patchouli oil, Patchouli alcohol, Nanoemulsion, BSLT, Artemia salina, Toxicity