Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Rendahnya kesiapan kewirausahaan peserta didik SMK menjadi salah satu penyebab utama sulitnya lulusan bersaing di dunia kerja atau membangun usaha mandiri. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diperlukan strategi alternatif melalui penguatan kesiapan kewirausahaan sejak sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Teaching Factory (TeFa) terintegrasi STEM yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kesiapan kewirausahaan peserta didik SMK. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE melalui lima tahap: analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 Banda Aceh pada November 2024, melibatkan 19 peserta didik dan 4 guru pada tahap analisis kebutuhan, 10 peserta didik pada tahap uji coba, serta 28 peserta didik dan 3 guru pada tahap implementasi. Instrumen penelitian meliputi angket, lembar observasi, dan pedoman wawancara yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli, serta diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Indikator kesiapan kewirausahaan mencakup kepercayaan diri, keterampilan usaha, orientasi pada hasil, kepemimpinan, keberanian mengambil risiko, orisinalitas, dan orientasi masa depan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan LKPD TeFa-STEM memenuhi kriteria valid dengan nilai Aiken’s V sebesar 0,86 dan reliabilitas melalui ICC sebesar 0,90 (kategori good reliability). Aspek kepraktisan ditunjukkan oleh respon positif peserta didik (90%) dan guru (96,88%). Keefektifan LKPD ditunjukkan melalui peningkatan skor kesiapan dari 67% menjadi 95%. Uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan data berdistribusi normal (p > 0,05), dan uji Paired Sample T-Test menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p = 0,001). Uji N-Gain sebesar 0,85 mengindikasikan peningkatan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan LKPD TeFa-STEM sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan kesiapan kewirausahaan di SMK, serta menyarankan penerapan pada skala lebih luas dan pada mata pelajaran lain untuk memperkuat pembelajaran kontekstual yang terintegrasi.

Kata Kunci : Teaching Factory, STEM, LKPD, Kesiapan Kewirausahaan

ABSTRACT The low level of entrepreneurial readiness among vocational school students is one of the main reasons why graduates find it difficult to compete in the job market or start their own businesses. To address this issue, an alternative strategy is needed to strengthen entrepreneurial readiness starting from school. This study aims to develop a Student Worksheet based on an integrated STEM Teaching Factory (TeFa) that is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing the entrepreneurial readiness of vocational high school students. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted at SMK Negeri 2 Banda Aceh in November 2024, involving 19 students and 4 teachers in the needs analysis stage, 10 students in the pilot stage, and 28 students and 3 teachers in the implementation stage. The research instruments included questionnaires, observation sheets, and interview guidelines that had been validated by experts and tested for validity and reliability. The indicators of entrepreneurial readiness included self-confidence, business skills, results orientation, leadership, risk-taking, originality, and future orientation. The research results indicate that the TeFa-STEM LKPD meets validity criteria with an Aiken’s V value of 0.86 and reliability through an ICC of 0.90 (good reliability category). Practicality is demonstrated by positive responses from students (90%) and teachers (96.88%). The effectiveness of the LKPD is demonstrated by an increase in readiness scores from 67% to 95%. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test indicates that the data is normally distributed (p > 0.05), and the Paired Sample T-Test shows a significant difference (p = 0.001). The N-Gain test of 0.85 indicates a high level of improvement. This study recommends the TeFa-STEM LKPD as an alternative to enhance entrepreneurial readiness in vocational schools, and suggests its implementation on a larger scale and in other subjects to strengthen integrated contextual learning. Keywords: Teaching Factory, STEM, LKPD, Entrepreneurial Readiness