Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Industri kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sektor utama yang mendukung perekonomian Indonesia, namun menghasilkan limbah cair (Palm Oil Mill Effluent/POME) yang berpotensi mencemari perairan. Ikan zebra (Danio rerio) sering digunakan sebagai organisme uji dalam studi toksikologi akuatik karena sensitivitasnya terhadap polutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh paparan kronis limbah cair kelapa sawit terhadap indeks hepatosomatik (HSI) dan struktur histopatologi hati ikan zebra. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan tiga perlakuan: kontrol (0 ml/L), perlakuan A (0,5 ml/L), dan perlakuan B (1 ml/L), masing-masing dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan limbah cair kelapa sawit pada konsentrasi kronik tidak menyebabkan perubahan signifikan terhadap nilai HSI, yang mengindikasikan adanya mekanisme adaptasi fisiologis dari ikan terhadap paparan toksikan. Namun, pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya kelainan struktur jaringan hati seperti hiperplasia, degenerasi, kongesti, hemoragi, dan nekrosis, yang meningkat seiring waktu dan konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa meskipun nilai HSI relatif stabil, paparan kronik limbah cair kelapa sawit tetap dapat menyebabkan kerusakan seluler pada hati ikan zebra.

Kata kunci: limbah cair kelapa sawit, Danio rerio, indeks hepatosomatik, histopatologi hati, paparan kronik.

The palm oil industry is one of the main sectors supporting Indonesia’s economy, but it produces liquid waste (Palm Oil Mill Effluent/POME) that has the potential to pollute aquatic environments. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is commonly used as a test organism in aquatic toxicology studies due to its sensitivity to pollutants. This study aimed to analyze the effects of chronic exposure to palm oil mill effluent on the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and liver histopathological structure of zebrafish. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: control (0 ml/L), treatment A (0.5 ml/L), and treatment B (1 ml/L), each with four replications. The results showed that chronic exposure to palm oil mill effluent did not cause significant changes in HSI values, indicating a physiological adaptation mechanism by the fish to toxicant exposure. However, histopathological observations revealed structural abnormalities in liver tissue such as hyperplasia, degeneration, congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis, which increased with higher concentrations and longer exposure durations. This study confirms that although HSI values remain relatively stable, chronic exposure to palm oil mill effluent can still cause cellular damage in the liver of zebrafish. Keywords: palm oil mill effluent, Danio rerio, hepatosomatic index, liver histopathology, chronic exposure.