Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) merupakan salah satu sumber protein nabati penting yang memiliki peranan strategis dalam dunia pertanian Indonesia. Namun, produktivitas kacang hijau nasional masih tergolong rendah akibat kurang optimalnya penggunaan varietas unggul dan tingginya serangan hama gudang, khususnya Callosobruchus chinensis. Hama ini menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen karena larvanya berkembang di dalam biji, menyebabkan kerusakan signifikan berupa lubang-lubang pada biji, penurunan berat, serta hilangnya daya konsumsi dan nilai jual kacang hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui varietas kacang hijau yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan terbaik terhadap serangan C. chinensis sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar pemilihan varietas untuk mengurangi kerugian pada penyimpanan.
Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala dari 25 Februari hingga 25 Maret 2025. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial, dengan tiga varietas kacang hijau (Gelatik, Parkit, dan Lokal), masing-masing enam ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, dan jika terdapat perbedaan nyata, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT taraf 5%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah imago F1, seks rasio, gejala serangan, persentase kerusakan biji, dan kehilangan bobot biji. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan Uji BNT 5% bila terdapat perbedaan nyata.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Gelatik memiliki jumlah imago F1 terendah yaitu rata-rata 10 individu, menunjukkan tingkat ketahanan tertinggi. Varietas Parkit memiliki jumlah F1 sedang (16,3), sedangkan varietas Lokal tertinggi (22,5), menunjukkan ketahanan paling rendah. Pada seks rasio imago F1, ketiga varietas tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata, tetapi proporsi betina lebih banyak dibandingkan jantan, yang mengindikasikan potensi peningkatan populasi pada generasi berikutnya. Gejala serangan paling awal dan paling parah diamati pada varietas Lokal, sementara varietas Gelatik menunjukkan gejala serangan paling ringan sepanjang pengamatan. Persentase kerusakan biji tertinggi terdapat pada varietas Lokal (36,4%), sedang pada Parkit (24,9%), dan terendah pada Gelatik (15,7%). Begitu pula kehilangan bobot biji tertinggi pada Lokal (26,3%), diikuti Parkit (16,0%), dan terendah pada Gelatik (10,1%).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa varietas Gelatik memiliki tingkat ketahanan tertinggi terhadap serangan C. chinensis sehingga direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam penyimpanan guna menekan kerugian akibat serangan hama, dan penelitian lanjutan pada skala penyimpanan besar serta kondisi penyimpanan berbeda perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dalam pengelolaan hama gudang di lapangan.

Mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) are an important source of vegetable protein and play a strategic role in Indonesian agriculture. However, national mung bean productivity remains relatively low due to the suboptimal use of superior varieties and high infestation by storage pests, particularly Callosobruchus chinensis. This pest reduces the quality and quantity of the harvest because its larvae develop inside the beans, causing significant damage in the form of holes in the beans, weight loss, and loss of consumption and market value. This study aimed to determine which mung bean varieties exhibited the highest resistance to C. chinensis attacks, thus providing a basis for selecting varieties to reduce storage losses. The study was conducted in the Plant Pest Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from February 25 to March 25, 2025. A non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, with three mung bean varieties (Gelatik, Parakeet, and Lokal), each with six replications, resulting in 18 experimental units. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if significant differences were found, a 5% LSD test was performed. Observed parameters included the number of F1 adults, sex ratio, attack symptoms, percentage of seed damage, and seed weight loss. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by a 5% LSD test if significant differences were found. The results showed that the Gelatik variety had the lowest number of F1 adults, with an average of 10 individuals, indicating the highest level of resistance. The Parkit variety had a moderate number of F1 adults (16.3), while the Local variety had the highest number (22.5), indicating the lowest resistance. There was no significant difference in the F1 adult sex ratio between the three varieties, but a higher proportion of females than males indicated potential population growth in the next generation. The earliest and most severe attack symptoms were observed in the Local variety, while the Gelatik variety showed the mildest symptoms throughout the observation period. The highest percentage of seed damage was found in the Local variety (36.4%), moderate in the Parkit variety (24.9%), and lowest in the Gelatik variety (15.7%). Similarly, seed weight loss was highest in the Local variety (26.3%), followed by the Parkit variety (16.0%), and lowest in the Gelatik variety (10.1%). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Gelatik variety has the highest level of resistance to C. chinensis attacks so it is recommended for use in storage to reduce losses due to pest attacks, and further research on a large storage scale and different storage conditions needs to be carried out to support the application of the results of this study in managing warehouse pests in the field.