Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Parliamentary threshold merupakan salah satu isu krusial yang menjadi instrumen institusional yang digunakan Negara untuk menyederhanakan sistem kepartaian ditengah keberlangsungan sistem presidensialisme di Indonesia. Persentase parliamentary threshold terus meningkat, namun sejak pemilu 2009 hingga 2024 sistem multipartai sederhana belum terwujud, justru menimbulkan masalah. Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap dinamika wacana dalam kebijakan parliamentary threshold DPR dengan konstruksi teoritis analisis wacana dan konsep governmentality Foucault. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh ketegangan politik dalam kontestasi diskursif antar partai besar, menengah dan kecil di parlemen dan pragmatisme wacana dalam mencapai ekuilibrasi legislasi besaran parliamentary threshold. Instrumen yang digunanakan Negara untuk mendominasi wacana adalah melalui produksi kebenaran tunggal dengan formalisasi kebenaran konsensual elit politik menjadi Undang-undang. Peran media juga diamplifikasi menjadi medium disipliner ruang publik untuk mewacanakan urgensi kebijakan. Dalam arena kebijakan, teridentifikasi relasi antara presiden dan partai politik dalam bingkai kepentingan presidensialisme multipartai, menunjukkan kedua institusi tersebut saling berkompromi dan terpengaruh satu sama lain dalam mempertahankan hingga meningkatkan parliamentary threshold. Namun pada sisi lain, terdapat upaya kelompok masyarakat sipil dan kalangan akademikus yang signifikan untuk menyeimbangkan wacana dominan, termasuk melakukan upaya judicial review. Penerapan kebijakan inipun menimbulkan problematisasi, sebab terdapat paradoks wacana urgensinya terkait efektivitas pengambilan keputusan DPR, yang bertolak belakang dengan hasil indeks ENPP dan fragmentasi. Masalah lain adalah suara terbuang disetiap pemilu yang mengakibatkan sistem pemilu legislatif Indonesia disproporsional. Penelitian ini akhirnya memberikan dukungan empirik terhadap studi Foucault yang mempertimbangkan kontestasi wacana, problematisasi, teknologi kekuasaan dan subjektifikasi dalam mengeksplorasi isu-isu organisasi. Saran penelitian ini adalah agar penelitian kebijakan melepas diri dari normatifitas kajian dan berpindah pada kajian wacana yang lebih mendalam meninjau aspek politis dan subjektifitas aktor dalam arena kebijakan. Kemudian, para pembuat kebijakan diharapkan dapat mengakomodasi aspirasi publik dalam menyusun kebijakan publik.
Kata Kunci: Parliamentary Threshold, Kekuasaan, Wacana.

The parliamentary threshold is one of the crucial issues serving as an institutional instrument used by the state to simplify the party system amid the ongoing presidentialism in Indonesia. The percentage of the parliamentary threshold continues to increase; however, from the 2009 to 2024 elections, a simplified multiparty system has not been achieved and instead has generated problems. This research aims to uncover the dynamics of discourse in the parliamentary threshold policy of the House of Representatives (DPR) using the theoretical construction of discourse analysis and Foucault’s concept of governmentality. This study employs a qualitative method. Based on the research conducted, political tension was found in the discursive contestation among major, medium, and minor parties in parliament, and in the pragmatism of discourse in achieving legislative equilibrium on the size of the parliamentary threshold. The instrument used by the state to dominate the discourse is the production of a single truth through the formalization of the political elite’s consensual truth into law. The role of the media is also amplified as a disciplinary medium in the public sphere to promote the urgency of the policy. In the policy arena, a relationship between the president and political parties is identified within the framework of multiparty presidentialism, showing that both institutions compromise and influence each other in maintaining and even increasing the parliamentary threshold. On the other hand, there are significant efforts from civil society groups and academics to balance the dominant discourse, including attempts at judicial review. The implementation of this policy has led to problematization, as there is a paradox in the discourse on its urgency concerning the effectiveness of decision-making in the DPR, which contradicts the ENPP index results and fragmentation. Another issue is the large number of wasted votes in each election, resulting in a disproportional legislative electoral system in Indonesia. This research ultimately provides empirical support for Foucault’s studies, which consider discourse contestation, problematization, technologies of power, and subjectification in exploring organizational issues. This study recommends that policy research should detach itself from normative approaches and shift toward in-depth discourse studies that examine the political aspects and subjectivity of actors in the policy arena. Furthermore, policymakers are expected to accommodate public aspirations in the formulation of public policy. Key Words: Parliamentary Threshold, Power, Discourse.