Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK
Indonesia sebagai negara demokrasi menjadikan pemilihan umum (pemilu) sebagai sarana utama untuk mengekspresikan kedaulatan rakyat. Namun, dalam prakteknya, pemilu sering kali dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan, Pemilu 2024 di Kabupaten Aceh Timur memicu pelaksanaan Penghitungan Suara Ulang (PSSU) berdasarkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi karena ditemukan indikasi manipulasi suara dan ketidaksesuaian data pemilih. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi, dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kinerja menurut Pasolong Harbani sebagai kerangka analisis untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pengawasan. Hasil menunjukkan pengawasan belum optimal akibat keterbatasan SDM, cakupan wilayah yang luas, dan lemahnya pemahaman teknis pengawas lapangan. Meski Panwaslih berupaya menjalankan tugas sesuai prosedur, temuan PSSU di 539 TPS membuktikan adanya kegagalan pengawasan awal dalam mencegah manipulasi suara dan pelanggaran administratif. Indikator kinerja produktivitas, kualitas layanan, responsivitas, dan akuntabilitas mengungkap kelemahan struktural: (1) lambatnya penanganan laporan, (2) minimnya transparansi rekapitulasi, dan (3) ketergantungan pada koreksi MK alih-alih pencegahan dini. Diperkuat wawancara dengan KIP dan partai politik, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integritas pemilu di Aceh Timur terkendala oleh lemahnya kapasitas kelembagaan Panwaslih, sehingga memerlukan reformasi pengawasan berbasis peningkatan SDM dan sistem pelaporan terpadu.

Kata Kunci : Kinerja Pengawasan, Pemilihan Umum, PSSU, Aceh Timur

ABSTRACT Indonesia as a democratic country makes general elections (elections) as the main means to express the sovereignty of the people. However, in practice, elections are often faced with various challenges, the 2024 election in East Aceh Regency triggered the implementation of the Recount of Votes (PSSU) based on the Constitutional Court's decision because indications of vote manipulation and discrepancies in voter data were found. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, documentation studies, and hands-on observations in the field. This study uses performance theory according to Pasolong Harbani as an analytical framework to evaluate the effectiveness of supervision. The results showed that supervision was not optimal due to limited human resources, wide area coverage, and weak technical understanding of field supervisors. Although the Panwaslih tried to carry out its duties according to procedures, the findings of PSSU at 539 polling stations proved the failure of initial supervision in preventing vote manipulation and administrative violations. Performance indicators of productivity, service quality, responsiveness, and accountability reveal structural weaknesses: (1) slow handling of reports, (2) lack of recapitulation transparency, and (3) reliance on Constitutional Court corrections instead of early prevention. Strengthened by interviews with KIP and political parties, this study concludes that the integrity of elections in East Aceh is constrained by the weak institutional capacity of the Panwaslih, thus requiring supervisory reforms based on improving human resources and an integrated reporting system. Keywords: Supervision Performance, General Election, PSSU, Aceh Timur