Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ikan famili Scombridae merupakan salah satu kelompok ikan pelagis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan menjadi komoditas penting dalam sektor perikanan di Aceh. Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP), total hasil tangkapan ikan Scombridae di Kota Banda Aceh meningkat dari 12.085 ton pada tahun 2021 menjadi 17.848 ton pada tahun 2022. DNA barcoding merupakan metode molekuler yang efektif untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola keanekaragaman hayati, namun studi terkait genetika ikan famili Scombridae di Indonesia melalui pendekatan ini masih jarang dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ikan famili Scombridae komersial penting di Kota Banda Aceh serta menghasilkan referensi berdasarkan sekuen DNA Mitokondria Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2024 - Juni 2025. Sebanyak 40 sampel ikan Scombridae berhasil dikoleksi dari Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kutaraja, Lampulo, Kota Banda Aceh, Aceh. Seluruh sampel berhasil disekuensing dengan panjang 639 base pairs (bp). Sebanyak delapan spesies ikan berhasil diidentifikasi yaitu Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Rastrelliger faughni, Rastrelliger kanagurta, dan Thunnus albacares. Jarak genetik intraspesies berkisar antara 0,1–1%, sedangkan jarak antarspesies tertinggi mencapai 19,118%. Analisis jarak genetik dan pohon filogenetik menunjukkan spesies dengan kekerabatan paling dekat adalah Auxis rochei dan Auxis thazard dengan nilai 2,818%. Berdasarkan International Union for Coservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, enam spesies berada pada kategori Least Concern diantaranya Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Rastrelliger kanagurta, dan Thunnus albacares dan dua spesies lainnya tergolong Vulnerable yaitu Rastrelliger brachysoma dan Rastrelliger faughni. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan data dasar penting bagi pengelolaan dan konservasi ikan Scombridae di wilayah Banda Aceh.

Kata kunci: DNA barcoding, COI, Scombridae, Kota Banda Aceh, filogenetik, IUCN.

The Scombridae family is one of the pelagic fish groups that has high economic value and is an important commodity in the fisheries sector in Aceh. Based on data from Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP), the total catch of Scombridae fish in Banda Aceh City increased from 12,085 tons in 2021 to 17,848 tons in 2022. DNA barcoding is an effective molecular method for identifying and managing biodiversity, but studies related to the genetics of Scombridae family fish in Indonesia through this approach are still rare, so this study aims to identify commercially important Scombridae family fish in Banda Aceh City and produce references based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) DNA sequences. This research was conducted in September 2024 - June 2025. A total of 40 Scombridae fish samples were collected at the Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS), Lampulo, Banda Aceh City, Aceh. All samples were successfully sequenced with a length of 639 base pairs (bp). A total of eight fish species were identified, namely Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Rastrelliger brachysoma, Rastrelliger faughni, Rastrelliger kanagurta, and Thunnus albacares. Intraspecies genetic distance ranged from 0.001-0.010%, while the highest interspecies distance reached 19.118%. Genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic tree showed that the most closely related species were Auxis rochei and Auxis thazard with a value of 2.818%. Based on the International Union for Coservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, six species are in the Least Concern category including Auxis rochei, Auxis thazard, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Rastrelliger kanagurta, and Thunnus albacares and two other species are classified as Vulnerable namely Rastrelliger brachysoma and Rastrelliger faughni. The results of this study provide important baseline data for the management and conservation of Scombridae fish in the Banda Aceh region. Key words: DNA barcoding, COI, Scombridae, Banda Aceh City, phylogenetics, IUCN.