Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Abstrak
Kualitas udara ruang dalam pada fasilitas kesehatan sangat penting bagi kesehatan dan kenyamanan pasien, pengunjung, dan tenaga medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas udara ruang dalam pada dua puskesmas di Kota Banda Aceh—Puskesmas Baiturrahman dan Puskesmas Meuraxa—serta menganalisis hubungannya dengan sistem ventilasi dan layout ruang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran parameter fisik (suhu, kelembapan, kecepatan udara) dan kimia (CO2, PM2.5, TVOC, HCHO, CO), observasi ventilasi dan layout ruang, serta survei persepsi pengguna. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar parameter kualitas udara berada dalam rentang standar SNI dan ASHRAE, kecuali suhu udara yang mendekati batas atas toleransi (27°C di Puskesmas Baiturrahman dan 26,8°C di Meuraxa). Persepsi pengguna ruang mendukung hasil pengukuran, di mana ruang dengan sirkulasi lebih baik dinilai lebih nyaman dan minim keluhan. Di Puskesmas Baiturrahman, kecepatan udara (p=0,045), suhu (p=0,027), dan PM2.5 (p=0,041) menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan jenis ventilasi dan layout ruang. Di Puskesmas Meuraxa, kelembapan relatif (p=0,007) dan formaldehida (p=0,003) juga menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar kategori ventilasi dan layout. Parameter lainnya tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Berdasarkan temuan ini, disarankan agar puskesmas menggunakan sistem ventilasi campuran (alami dan mekanis) yang disesuaikan dengan fungsi ruang. Layout terbuka atau semi-terbuka direkomendasikan untuk area publik seperti ruang tunggu, sementara ruang pemeriksaan perlu tetap tertutup untuk menjaga privasi dan mencegah infeksi silang. Ventilasi silang dan pengoperasian jendela/pintu secara terjadwal dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas udara secara berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: kualitas udara ruang dalam, ventilasi bangunan, layout ruang, puskesmas

Abstract Indoor air quality (IAQ) in healthcare facilities plays a vital role in ensuring the health and comfort of patients, visitors, and medical personnel. This study aims to evaluate the indoor air quality of two community health centers (puskesmas) in Banda Aceh—Puskesmas Baiturrahman and Puskesmas Meuraxa—and to analyze its relationship with the ventilation system and spatial layout. A descriptive quantitative method with a case study design was employed. Primary data were collected through measurements of physical (temperature, humidity, air velocity) and chemical (CO₂, PM2.5, TVOC, HCHO, CO) air parameters, observations of ventilation systems and room layouts, and a user perception survey. Data were analyzed descriptively and using ANOVA. Results showed that most air quality parameters met the standards set by SNI and ASHRAE, except for temperature, which approached the upper tolerance limit (27°C at Baiturrahman and 26.8°C at Meuraxa). User perceptions supported the measurement findings; rooms with better air circulation were rated more comfortable and had fewer complaints. At Puskesmas Baiturrahman, significant differences were found in air velocity (p=0.045), temperature (p=0.027), and PM2.5 (p=0.041) based on ventilation type and room layout. At Puskesmas Meuraxa, significant differences were found in relative humidity (p=0.007) and formaldehyde (p=0.003). Other parameters did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Based on these findings, it is recommended that puskesmas adopt hybrid ventilation systems (combining natural and mechanical ventilation) tailored to room functions. Open or semi-open layouts are suitable for high-traffic areas such as waiting rooms, while enclosed spaces are still required for examination rooms to maintain privacy and prevent cross-infection. Cross-ventilation and scheduled opening of windows and doors are also suggested to enhance air circulation and support sustainable indoor air quality. Keywords: indoor air quality, building ventilation, spatial layout, puskesmas