Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki peran penting dalam memperkuat ekonomi lokal, terutama di Gampong Lam Ujong, Kecamatan Baitussalam, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masalah akses dana UMKM yang masih belum merata, di mana sebagian pelaku usaha tidak mendapatkan bantuan modal meskipun usahanya aktif. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana pelaku UMKM mendapatkan akses dana untuk pengembangan usaha mereka. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, dengan informan terdiri dari pelaku UMKM, keuchik, perangkat gampong, dan lembaga keuangan. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori jaringan sosial Mark Granovetter yang menekankan pentingnya hubungan sosial dalam tindakan ekonomi, melalui konsep embeddedness, strong ties, weak ties, dan network density. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM yang memiliki hubungan kuat (strong ties) dengan keuchik atau perangkat gampong lebih mudah mendapatkan bantuan modal, sedangkan mereka yang tidak memiliki kedekatan sering tersisih. Selain itu, distribusi dana cenderung lebih menguntungkan warga yang memiliki hubungan sosial intens dengan aparat gampong, sementara pelaku usaha lain hanya mengandalkan informasi dari relasi lemah (weak ties) seperti tetangga atau kenalan. Kondisi ini menegaskan bahwa akses dana UMKM di Gampong Lam Ujong lebih dipengaruhi jaringan sosial dibanding kriteria objektif usaha. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan sistem distribusi dana yang lebih transparan, adil, serta meningkatkan literasi administratif pelaku UMKM agar tercipta pemerataan ekonomi gampong yang berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: UMKM, Jaringan Sosial, Akses Dana, Strong Ties, Weak Ties, Gampong Lam Ujong.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in strengthening the local economy, particularly in Gampong Lam Ujong, Baitussalam Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District. This study is motivated by the problem of unequal access to funding, where some MSME actors do not receive capital assistance despite having active businesses. The research aims to understand how MSME actors obtain funding access to develop their businesses. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, involving informants such as MSME actors, the keuchik (village head), village officials, and financial institutions. The theoretical framework used is Mark Granovetter’s social network theory, which emphasizes the importance of social relationships in economic action, through the concepts of embeddedness, strong ties, weak ties, and network density. The results show that MSME actors with strong ties to the keuchik or village officials find it easier to access capital assistance, while those without such relationships are often excluded. Furthermore, fund distribution tends to favor residents with intense social connections to village authorities, while other business actors rely only on weak ties such as neighbors or acquaintances for information. This condition confirms that MSME funding access in Gampong Lam Ujong is influenced more by social networks than by objective business criteria. Therefore, this study recommends a more transparent and equitable funding distribution system, as well as improved administrative literacy among MSME actors to achieve sustainable economic equity in the village. Keywords: MSME, Social Networks, Funding Access, Strong Ties, Weak Ties, Gampong Lam Ujong.