Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Abstrak
Kegiatan produksi batu bata di Gampong Meurah, Kec. Baitusssalam, Aceh Besar masih dijalankan secara manual tanpa pemanfaatan teknologi, serta belum didukung oleh sistem manajemen dan keuangan yang terstruktur. Proses produksi terdiri atas beberapa tahapan, yaitu pencampuran bahan, penggilingan, pembentukan atau pencetakan, pengeringan, pembakaran, dan pendinginan. Keterbatasan jumlah tenaga kerja serta tingginya beban kerja turut berpengaruh terhadap lamanya waktu penyelesaian tiap tahapan produksi. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan konsep rantai nilai (value chain) guna mengidentifikasi aktivitas bernilai tambah serta mengetahui akar permasalahan dalam proses produksi sebagai dasar usulan perbaikan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pemetaan porter’s generic value chain untuk menganalisis aktivitas utama dan aktivitas pendukung serta cause and effect diagram untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab permasalahan dalam proses produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas yang bernilai tambah yaitu pencampuran dan penggilingan bahan, pembentukan/pencetakan serta pembakaran, dimana keuntungan yang diperoleh sebelum dilakukan analisis value chain yaitu sebesar Rp 389,000,000 per tahun dan setelah dilakukan analisis value chain diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp 470.530.769 per tahun. Berdasarakan analisis cause and effect diagram ditemukan 4 aspek yang menjadi permasalahan pada pabrik batu bata di Gampong Meurah yaitu aspek manusia (man), aspek mesin (machine), aspek material serta aspek lingkungan (environment). Rekomendasi perbaikan mencakup penambahan tenaga kerja dan penerapan SOP, pembaruan mesin dan perawatan berkala, perbaikan tungku pembakaran dan pengaturan penggunaannya, serta pembangunan ruang pengeringan semi tertutup.
Kata kunci: Cause and Effect Diagram, UMKM Batu Bata, Porter’s Generic Value Chain, Nilai Tambah (Value Added), Rantai Nilai (Value Chain)

Abstract The brick production activities in Gampong Meurah, Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar, are still carried out manually, without the use of technology and lacking support from structured management and financial systems. The production process consists of several stages, including material mixing, grinding, molding or shaping, drying, firing, and cooling. The limited number of workers and high workload contribute to the prolonged duration required for each stage of the production process. Based on these issues, this study aims to apply the value chain concept to identify value-added activities and uncover the root causes of problems in the production process as a basis for improvement recommendations. The method used involves mapping Porter’s Generic Value Chain to analyze primary and support activities, as well as utilizing a cause and effect diagram to identify the underlying problems in the production process. The results of the study show that the value-added activities include material mixing and grinding, molding/shaping, and firing. The profit before the value chain analysis was IDR 389,000,000 per year, which increased to IDR 470.530.769 per year after the analysis was conducted. Based on the cause and effect diagram analysis, four key problem areas were identified in the brick factory at Gampong Meurah: human (man), machine, material, and environmental aspects. The proposed recommendations include increasing the workforce and implementing standard operating procedures (SOPs), upgrading and regularly maintaining machinery, improving the design and usage of the firing kiln, and constructing a semi-enclosed drying chamber. Keywords: Cause and Effect Diagram, Brick Industry, Porter’s Generic Value Chain, Value Added, Value Chain.