Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Nilai lahan merupakan elemen penting dan bersifat dinamis dalam perencanaan kawasan, serta memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber pembiayaan pembangunan melalui skema Land Value Capture (LVC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik nilai lahan di kawasan Pendidikan Tinggi Universitas Teuku Umar (UTU) melalui pendekatan normatif dan relatif, serta mengkaji hubungan antara keduanya dalam mengidentifikasi potensi penerapan kebijakan LVC. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi mekanisme penerapan LVC yang relevan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah dan mendukung pengembangan kawasan UTU. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed methods), dengan analisis kuantitatif melalui model regresi spasial, yaitu Regresi Klasik dan Spatial Lag Model (SLM), guna mengidentifikasi pengaruh parameter spasial seperti penggunaan lahan, aksesibilitas positif dan negatif, serta fasilitas umum terhadap nilai lahan. Nilai Lahan Relatif diperoleh dari hasil perhitungan spasial, sedangkan Nilai Lahan Normatif didasarkan pada Nilai Jual Objek Pajak (NJOP) berdasarkan penetapan Zona Nilai Tanah (ZNT) melalui perhitungan Nilai Indikasi Rata-Rata (NIR). Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan triangulasi teknik dan sumber untuk memperoleh perspektif dari para pemangku kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan antara nilai lahan relatif dan normatif yang mencerminkan potensi peningkatan pendapatan daerah melalui penyesuaian NJOP. Dua skema LVC yang relevan diidentifikasi, yaitu: (1) skema berbasis pajak (tax-based), melalui mekanisme Land and Property Tax berbasis lokasi dengan tarif tambahan pada lahan bernilai strategis tinggi; dan (2) skema berbasis pembangunan (development-based), melalui mekanisme joint development antara pemerintah daerah dengan pihak swasta dalam pembangunan fasilitas umum dan pengelolaan aset strategis di sekitar kawasan kampus. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya penguatan kerangka regulasi dan pengembangan kolaborasi lintas sektor antara pemerintah, institusi pendidikan, badan usaha, hingga sektor swasta guna mengoptimalkan nilai lahan sebagai dasar penerapan LVC secara berkelanjutan.

Land value is a vital and dynamic element in spatial planning and holds significant potential as a source of development financing through the Land Value Capture (LVC) scheme. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of land value in the Higher Education Area of Teuku Umar University (UTU) using both normative and relative approaches, and to examine the relationship between these approaches in identifying the potential for LVC policy implementation. In addition, the study evaluates relevant LVC implementation mechanisms to increase local government revenue and support the development of the UTU area. A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining quantitative analysis using spatial regression models, specifically Classical Regression and the Spatial Lag Model (SLM), to identify the influence of spatial parameters such as land use, positive and negative accessibility, and public facilities on land value. Relative land value was obtained through spatial calculations, while normative land value was based on the Land Sales Value (NJOP), determined through Land Value Zoning (ZNT) and the calculation of the Average Indicative Value (NIR). The qualitative approach involved in-depth interviews using triangulation of techniques and sources to obtain insights from key stakeholders. The findings reveal a discrepancy between relative and normative land values, indicating the potential to increase local revenue through adjustments to the NJOP. Two relevant LVC mechanisms were identified. The first is a tax-based scheme through a location-based land and property tax that applies additional charges to land with high strategic value. The second is a development-based scheme through joint development, involving collaboration between local governments and the private sector in constructing public facilities and managing strategic assets around the campus area. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration among government institutions, educational entities, businesses, and the private sector to optimize land value as a foundation for sustainable LVC implementation.