Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tinggong merupakan padi lokal Aceh adaptif dan tahan kekeringan namun memiliki kelemahan berupa tanaman tinggi, umur panjang serta rentan terhadap penyakit dan cekaman rendaman. Perbaikan dilakukan melalui persilangan dengan Swarna sebagai donor gen Sub-1 hingga menghasilkan galur BC₄F₂ yang telah dikembangkan sejak 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh galur BC₄F₂ dan cekaman rendaman terhadap produktivitas perbaikan padi Tinggong serta mengevaluasi ketahanan terhadap cekaman rendaman dan kualitas hasil. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan, Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman serta Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Departemen Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala pada bulan Agustus 2024 - Februari 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial 2x8 dengan 3 ulangan (96 sampel tanaman). Faktor pertama adalah kondisi cekaman rendaman (tanpa rendaman dan rendaman). Faktor kedua adalah galur BC₄F₂ terdiri dari 8 taraf yaitu T41.9.12.2, T41.21.3, T41.9.21.9, T41.10.1.3, T41.10.1.7, T41.10.1.7, T41.10.2.2, T41.8.1.4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cekaman rendaman berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman saat panen, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah biji berisi per malai, persentase biji berisi per malai serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah biji hampa per malai. Galur BC₄F₂ berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman saat panen, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah biji hampa per malai serta persentase biji berisi per malai. Interaksi antara cekaman rendaman dengan galur BC₄F₂ berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman saat panen, jumlah anakan produktif, jumlah biji hampa per malai, persentase biji berisi per malai serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah biji berisi per malai. Pengujian ketahanan terhadap cekaman rendaman menunjukkan seluruh galur tahan rendaman dengan persentase perpanjangan tanaman rendah dan waktu panen beragam. Kadar amilosa tergolong rendah hingga sedang, kadar air normal serta persentase beras berkapur bervariasi. Analisis korelasi antar peubah menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara tinggi tanaman saat panen dengan kadar klorofil, jumlah anakan produktif dengan jumlah biji berisi per malai serta jumlah biji berisi per malai dengan persentase biji berisi per malai. Analisis korelasi antar peubah juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif antara kadar amilosa dengan kadar amilopektin, jumlah biji hampa per malai dengan persentase biji berisi per malai, jumlah biji berisi per malai dengan beras berkapur serta jumlah anakan produktif dengan kadar air. Galur T41.9.21.3 dan T41.10.1.7 tergolong unggul berdasarkan produktivitas tinggi, kualitas hasil serta toleransi terhadap cekaman rendaman.

Kata Kunci: Galur BC₄F₂, Korelasi, Kualitas Hasil, Produktivitas, Rendaman

Tinggong is a local Acehnese rice that is adaptive and drought resistant but has weaknesses such as tall plants, long harvest and susceptibility to disease and submergence. Improvements were made through crossing with Swarna as a Sub-1 gene donor to produce BC₄F₂ strains that have been developed since 2014. This research aims to assess the effect of BC₄F₂ strains and submergence stress on the productivity of Tinggong rice improvement and evaluate resistance to submergence stress and yield quality. The research was implemented in the experimental garden, Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding and Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University in August 2024 - February 2025. This research used 2x8 factorial Randomized Group Design with 3 replications (96 plant samples). The first factor was submergence stress condition (no submergence and submergence). The second factor was BC₄F₂ strain consisting of 8 levels, namely T41.9.12.2, T41.21.3, T41.9.21.9, T41.10.1.3, T41.10.1.7, T41.10.1.7, T41.10.2.2, T41.8.1.4. The research showed that submergence stress had a very significant effect on plant height at harvest, the number of productive tillers, the number of filled seeds per panicle, the percentage of filled seeds per panicle and had a significant effect on the number of empty seeds per panicle. The BC₄F₂ line had a very significant effect on plant height at harvest, the number of productive tillers, the number of empty seeds per panicle and the percentage of filled seeds per panicle. The interaction between submergence stress and BC₄F₂ lines had a very significant effect on plant height at harvest, number of productive tillers, number of empty seeds per panicle, percentage of filled seeds per panicle and had a significant effect on the number of filled seeds per panicle. Tests of resistance to submergence stress showed that all lines were submergence resistant with a low percentage of plant elongation and a variety of harvest times. Amylose levels were low to medium, moisture content was normal and the percentage of calcareous rice varied. Correlation analysis between variables showed a positive relationship between plant height at harvest and chlorophyll content, number of productive tillers and number of filled seeds per panicle and number of filled seeds per panicle with percentage of filled seeds per panicle. Correlation analysis between variables also showed a negative relationship between amylose content and amylopectin content, the number of empty seeds per panicle with the percentage of filled seeds per panicle, the number of filled seeds per panicle with calcareous rice and the number of productive tillers with moisture content. The T41.9.21.3 and T41.10.1.7 lines were classified as superior based on high productivity, yield quality and tolerance to submergence stress Keywords: BC₄F₂ Strains, Correlation, Yield Quality, Productivity, Submergence