Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pendahuluan: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ]menjadi faktor utama penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak-anak di seluruh dunia. Beberapa indikator klinis, termasuk skor Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS), kadar leukosit, kadar natrium dan kalium serum, serta skor CT Helsinki, berperan penting dalam mengevaluasi tingkat keparahan pasien dan prognosisnya.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pGCS, kadar leukosit, natrium, kalium serum, dan skor CT Helsinki terhadap luaran klinis pasien TBI anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort observasional dengan melibatkan 43 pasien TBI anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekam medis dan wawancara terpimpin menggunakan instrumen Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Pediatric (GOS-E Peds) pada follow-up 3 bulan paska TBI. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji regresi linear berganda untuk menilai pengaruh variabel independen terhadap luaran klinis.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pGCS (p=0,000), kadar natrium (p=0,018), dan skor CT Scan Helsinki (p=0,000) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap luaran klinis. Sebaliknya, kadar leukosit (p=0,350) dan kalium (p=0,181) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna. Model regresi menjelaskan 91,5% variasi luaran klinis (Adjusted R²=0,915), dengan skor CT Scan Helsinki sebagai prediktor terkuat.

Diskusi: pGCS, kadar natrium, dan skor CT Helsinki dapat digunakan sebagai alat prognostik yang efektif untuk memprediksi luaran klinis pasien TBI anak.

Kata Kunci: TBI Anak, Luaran Klinis, Pediatric GCS, Skor CT Helsinki

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is increasingly becoming a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Several clinical indicators, including the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) score, leukocyte count, sodium and serum potassium levels, and Helsinki CT score, play pivotal roles in evaluating patient severity and prognosis. These factors are considered important prognostic indicators for determining the severity and recovery of patients with TBI. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effects of pGCS, leukocyte count, serum sodium and potassium levels, and the Helsinki CT score on the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with TBI at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Methods: This observational cohort study included 43 pediatric patients with TBI who met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from medical records and structured interviews using the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Pediatric (GOS-E Peds) during a 3-month follow-up period. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to evaluate the effect of independent variables on clinical outcomes. Results: The results showed that pGCS (p=0.000), serum sodium levels (p=0.018), and the Helsinki CT score (p=0.000) had a significant effect on clinical outcomes. In contrast, leukocyte count (p=0.350) and serum potassium levels (p=0.181) were not significantly associated. The regression model explained 91.5% of the variation in clinical outcomes (Adjusted R²=0.915), with the Helsinki CT score being the strongest predictor. Discussion: pGCS, serum sodium levels, and Helsinki CT score can be used as effective prognostic tools to predict clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with TBI. Keywords: Pediatric TBI, Clinical Outcomes, Pediatric GCS, CT Helsinki Score