Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Karbamid peroksida merupakan bahan aktif yang umum digunakan dalam gel bleaching gigi karena kemampuannya melepaskan hidrogen peroksida (H₂O₂) yang memiliki efek pemutih. Namun, penggunaan konsentrasi tinggi dapat menimbulkan iritasi dan sensitivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pembuatan gel bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% dengan penambahan Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots (NCDs) 20% yang disintesis dari belimbing wuluh, serta mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap laju pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dan Staphylococcus aureus. NCDs berperan sebagai fotokatalis yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelepasan H₂O₂, meskipun pada konsentrasi karbamid peroksida yang lebih rendah yang diuji melalui pertumbuhan bakteri. Gel diformulasikan menggunakan pengental carbopol dan aristoflex, dan diuji karakteristiknya melalui FTIR, UV-Vis, uji rheologi, dan pH. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer ELISA reader untuk mengukur Optical Density (OD) selama 6 jam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan NCDs dalam formulasi gel karbamid peroksida dengan penambahan NCDs memiliki laju pertumbuhan bakteri S.mutans dan S.aureus yang lebih rendah dibandingkan gel bleaching komersial. Dengan demikian, secara tidak langsung menunjukkan formulasi gel bleaching karbamid peroksida 10% dengan penambahan NCDs berpotensial mempercepat pelepasan H₂O₂.
Kata kunci : karbamid peroksida, hidrogen peroksida, dental bleaching, nitrogen-doped carbon dots, belimbing wuluh, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus

Carbamide peroxide is an active ingredient commonly used in tooth bleaching gels due to its ability to release hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which has a whitening effect. However, the use of high concentrations may cause irritation and sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate the preparation of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel with the addition of 20% Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots (NCDs) synthesized from Averrhoa bilimbi, and to examine its effect on the growth rate of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. NCDs function as photocatalysts that are expected to enhance the release of H₂O₂, even at lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide, which was tested through bacterial growth. The gel was formulated using Carbopol and Aristoflex as thickeners and was characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, rheology, and pH tests. Testing was carried out using an ELISA reader spectrophotometer to measure Optical Density (OD) over a 6-hour period. The results showed that the addition of NCDs in the carbamide peroxide gel formulation with the addition of NCDs resulted in lower bacterial growth rates of S. mutans and S. aureus compared to commercial bleaching gel. Therefore, this indirectly suggests that the 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel formulation with added NCDs has the potential to enhance the release of H₂O₂. Keywords : carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, dental bleaching, nitrogen-doped carbon dots, Averrhoa bilimbi, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus