Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata menyatakan bahwa perjanjian yang dibuat oleh para pihak merupakan UU bagi mereka yang membuatnya. Ketiadaan bukti tertulis pada perjanjian yang mereka buat dapat mempersulit mereka sendiri dalam penerapannya. Hal ini terjadi dalam praktik perjanjian hutang piutang di Kecamatan Blang Bintang sehingga rentenir kerap menyalahgunakan keadaan demi keuntungan pribadi. Sedangkan debitur sulit mendapatkan perlindungan terhadap hak-haknya.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penerapan prinsip keadilan dan kebebasan berkontrak dalam penerapan bunga pada wanprestasi dalam perjanjian hutang piutang kepada rentenir, perlindungan hukum terhadap debitur dalam perjanjian hutang piutang kepada rentenir, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa untuk memberikan keadilan bagi debitur dalam kasus hutang piutang kepada rentenir.

Metode penelitian yaitu yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang didukung oleh logika berpikir dedukatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui penelitian lapangan dan kepustakaan. Pada Penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai responden dan informan, sedangkan penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari peraturan perundang-undangan, buku-buku teks serta pendapat para sarjana yang berkenaan dengan masalah yang teliti.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa perjanjian pada praktik rentenir sering kali merugikan debitur karena adanya ketimpangan pada prinsip keadilan dan kebebasan berkontrak. Perlindungan hukum bagi debitur masih terbatas, dengan kesadaran hukum yang rendah. Penyelesaian sengketa antara debitur dan rentenir dapat dilakukan melalui jalur litigasi dan non litigasi seperti mediasi dan BPSK.

Disarankan agar pemerintah dan lembaga terkait dapat memperkuat pengawasan praktik rentenir di desa-desa agar tidak ada ketimpangan pada prinsip keadilan dan kebebasan berkontrak. Menegakkan regulasi perlindungan konsumen yang efektif, serta meningkatkan sosialisasi hak-hak konsumen. Penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi dan BPSK lebih efisien dan murah dibandingkan litigasi, sehingga dapat dioptimalkan untuk melindungi konsumen dan menyelesaikan sengketa debitur dan kreditur.

Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) states that agreements made by the parties serve as law for those who made them. The absence of written evidence in such agreements can create difficulties for the parties themselves in their implementation. This often occurs in loan agreement practices in the Blang Bintang District, where loan sharks frequently take advantage of the situation for personal gain, while debtors find it difficult to obtain protection for their rights. This study aims to explain the application of the principles of justice and freedom of contract in the implementation of interest on default in loan agreements with loan sharks, legal protection for debtors in such agreements, and the dispute resolution mechanisms available to provide justice for debtors in cases involving loan sharks. The research method used is empirical juridical, employing a qualitative approach supported by deductive logical reasoning. The data sources for this research consist of primary and secondary data. Data collection methods include field research and literature study. Field research was conducted through interviews with respondents and informants, while literature study involved examining laws and regulations, textbooks, and scholarly opinions relevant to the issue being studied. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that loan agreements in practice with loan sharks often disadvantage the debtor due to imbalances in the principles of justice and freedom of contract. Legal protection for debtors remains limited, compounded by a low level of legal awareness. Dispute resolution between debtors and loan sharks can be pursued through both litigation and non-litigation means, such as mediation and the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK). It is recommended that the government and relevant institutions strengthen oversight of loan shark practices in rural areas to prevent imbalances in the principles of justice and contractual freedom. Enforcing effective consumer protection regulations and increasing public awareness of consumer rights is essential. Dispute resolution through mediation and BPSK is more efficient and cost-effective compared to litigation, and thus should be optimized to protect consumers and resolve disputes between debtors and creditors.