Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Depresi adalah gangguan mental yang umumnya ditandai dengan perasaan kehilangan minat atau kesenangan, penurunan energi, perasaan bersalah, sulit tidur, nafsu makan berkurang, perasaan kelelahan, dan kurang konsentrasi. Depresi terjadi karena beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor biologis yang dipengaruhi oleh kadar neurotransmiter berupa serotonin. Salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antidepresan yaitu nilam aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth.), namun mekanisme molekulernya belum dipahami secara menyeluruh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme molekuler senyawa aktif minyak atsiri nilam aceh sebagai kandidat antidepresan melalui peningkatan hormon serotonin. Senyawa aktif minyak atsiri nilam aceh diperoleh dari hasil analisis GC-MS adalah sebanyak 64 senyawa. Protein target dari minyak atsiri nilam aceh diperoleh melalui tiga basis data yaitu SwissTarget, SuperPred, dan PASSTarget sedangkan protein yang terlibat dalam ketidakseimbangan serotonin diperoleh dari lima basis data yaitu OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, DrugBank, dan DisGeNET. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah 45 protein target utama. Analisis ontologi gen pada proses biologis serta jalur pengayaan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa minyak atsiri nilam aceh dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin melalui jalur pensinyalan PI3K-AKT dan Toll-Like Receptor. Protein Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) dan Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1) adalah target kunci dalam meningkatkan kadar serotonin.

Kata kunci: depresi, network pharmacology, Pogostemon cablin Benth., minyak atsiri

Depression is a mental disorder that is generally characterized by feelings of loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, feelings of fatigue, and lack of concentration. Depression occurs due to several factors, one of which is biological factors influenced by neurotransmitter levels in the form of serotonin. One of the plants known to have antidepressant activity is patchouli aceh (Pogostemon cablin Benth.), but its molecular mechanism has not been thoroughly understood. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the molecular mechanism of active compounds of patchouli aceh essential oil as an antidepressant candidate through an increase in serotonin hormone. The active compounds of patchouli essential oil obtained from GC-MS analysis are 64 compounds. Target proteins from patchouli essential oil were obtained through three databases namely SwissTarget, SuperPred, and PASSTarget while proteins involved in serotonin imbalance were obtained from five databases namely OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, DrugBank, and DisGeNET. The results obtained were 45 major target proteins. Gene ontology analysis of biological processes and enrichment pathways showed that essential oil compounds can increase serotonin levels through PI3K-AKT and Toll-Like Receptor signaling pathways. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1) proteins are key targets in increasing serotonin levels. Keywords: depression, network pharmacology, Pogostemon cablin Benth., essential oil