Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pengelolaan hasil tangkapan ikan memegang peran penting dalam industri perikanan
untuk mempertahankan kualitas dan kesegaran ikan, terutama selama proses transportasi.
Salah satu tantangan utama dalam penanganan hasil tangkapan adalah stres yang dialami
ikan selama proses penangkapan, transportasi, dan penyimpanan, yang dapat
menyebabkan penurunan kualitas, kematian, serta kerugian ekonomi bagi nelayan dan
pelaku usaha perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak
kasar bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata) sebagai anestesi alami pada ikan kakap putih
(Lates calcarifer) guna mengurangi stres selama penanganan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di
Laboratorium Kapal Perikanan, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah
Kuala, dengan ikan uji diperoleh dari BPBAP Ujung Bate. Bunga kenanga dipilih karena
kandungan eugenolnya yang memiliki sifat anestesi dan antiseptik. Penelitian dilakukan
dengan lima perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak bunga kenanga (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan
25%) dan tiga kali pengulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi lama waktu pingsan,
lama waktu sadar, tingkat kelangsungan hidup (Survival Rate/SR), serta kualitas air. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap lama
waktu pingsan, waktu pemulihan, dan SR ikan kakap putih. Konsentrasi 20%
memberikan hasil terbaik dengan SR sebesar 86,7%, waktu pingsan rata-rata 25,23 menit,
dan waktu sadar rata-rata 7,61 menit. Konsentrasi lebih tinggi, seperti 25%, menurunkan
SR menjadi 40% akibat toksisitas yang memengaruhi fungsi saraf ikan. Kualitas air
selama penelitian tetap berada dalam kisaran optimal sesuai standar SNI untuk ikan kakap
putih, memastikan tidak ada efek negatif signifikan terhadap kondisi lingkungan.
Penggunaan ekstrak bunga kenanga sebagai anestesi alami memberikan alternatif ramah
lingkungan dibandingkan bahan kimia sintetis seperti MS-222, yang dapat meninggalkan
residu berbahaya. Analisis menggunakan ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi
ekstrak memengaruhi parameter secara signifikan (p < 0,05). Konsentrasi 20% menjadi
rekomendasi terbaik untuk efisiensi anestesi dan tingkat kelulushidupan optimal. Studi
lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjang penggunaan ekstrak
kenanga pada kesehatan dan pertumbuhan ikan.
Kata Kunci: Ekstrak bunga kenanga, Cananga odorata, anestesi alami, ikan kakap putih,
tingkat kelangsungan hidup, eugenol.

Catch management plays an important role in the fishing industry to maintain the quality and freshness of fish, especially during transportation. One of the main challenges in handling catches is the stress experienced by fish during the capture, transportation, and storage processes, which can cause quality degradation, death, and economic losses for fishermen and fisheries businesses. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of crude extract of kenanga flower (Cananga odorata) as a natural anesthetic in white snapper (Lates calcarifer) to reduce stress during handling. The research was conducted at the Fisheries Vessel Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, with test fish obtained from BPBAP Ujung Bate. Kenanga flower was chosen because of its eugenol content which has anesthetic and antiseptic properties. The study was conducted with five treatments of kenanga flower extract concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) and three repetitions. Parameters observed included length of time to faint, length of time to regain consciousness, survival rate (SR), and water quality. The results showed that the concentration of the extract had a significant effect on the length of unconsciousness, recovery time, and SR of white snapper. A concentration of 20% gave the best results with an SR of 86.7%, an average stupor time of 25.23 minutes, and an average consciousness time of 7.61 minutes. Higher concentrations, such as 25%, decreased the SR to 40% due to toxicity affecting the nerve function of the fish. Water quality during the study remained within the optimal range according to SNI standards for sea bass, ensuring no significant negative effects on environmental conditions. The use of ylang ylang flower extract as a natural anesthetic provides an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals such as MS-222, which can leave harmful residues. Analysis using ANOVA showed that the concentration of the extract significantly affected the parameters (p < 0.05). A concentration of 20% was the best recommendation for optimal anesthetic efficiency and survival rate. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of using kenanga extract on fish health and growth. Keywords: Ylang-ylang flower extract, Cananga odorata, natural anesthetic, barramundi fish, survival rate, eugenol.