Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kanker payudara adalah kanker paling umum pada wanita di dunia, mencakup 30,8% kasus kanker pada wanita di Indonesia dan menyebabkan 20,4% kematian akibat kanker. Kemoterapi efektif menekan sel kanker, namun memiliki efek samping akut dan toksisitas jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan agen antikanker dari bahan alam, seperti kubis putih (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L) , menjadi alternatif yang penting. Kubis putih pada penelitian ini diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, yang selanjutnya di fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Analisis senyawa bioaktif dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS dan LC-HRMS. Aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak dan fraksi kubis putih ditentukan dengan mengamati aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel T47D, MCF-7 dan 4T1 menggunakan metode [3- (4,5- dimetiltiazol-2-il) -2,5- difenil tetrazolium bromida] (MTT). Persentase sel hidup dan nilai IC50 selanjutnya dihitung menggunakan Microsoft excel melalui persamaan regresi linier. Pengujian penghambatan siklus sel dianalisis menggunakan metode flow cytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kubis putih (EEKP) mengandung senyawa turunan indole, golongan asam lemak dan golongan sterol yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kubis putih (EEKP) dan fraksi etil asetat kubis putih (FEA) memiliki potensi antikanker paling baik yang ditunjukkan dari nilai IC50. EEKP dan FEA memiliki aktivititas sitotoksik moderat terhadap sel MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50 126,924 μg/mL dan 194,151 μg/mL. Aktivitas sitotoksik EEKP dan FEA tergolong lemah terhadap sel T47D dengan nilai IC50 447,386 μg/mL dan 436,754 μg/mL. Namun EEKP dan FEA tidak aktif terhadap sel 4T1 dengan nilai IC50 -78,089 μg/mL dan 726,421 μg/mL. Analisis mekanisme penghambatan siklus sel menunjukkan bahwa penghambatan siklus sel oleh EEKP dan FEA terjadi pada fase G2-M terhadap sel T47D. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol kubis putih dan fraksi etil asetat kubis putih memiliki potensi antikanker melalui mekanisme penghambatan siklus sel pada sel kanker payudara T47D.
Kata kunci: Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L., kubis putih, sel kanker payudara, sitotoksik, penghambatan siklus sel

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world, accounting for 30.8% of cancer cases in women in Indonesia and causing 20.4% of cancer deaths. Chemotherapy effectively suppresses cancer cells, but has acute side effects and long-term toxicity. Therefore, the development of anticancer agents from natural materials, such as white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L), is an important alternative. White cabbage in this study was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent, which was further fractionated using ethyl acetate solvent. Bioactive compounds were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-HRMS. The cytotoxic activity of white cabbage extracts and fractions was determined by observing the cytotoxic activity against T47D, MCF-7 and 4T1 cells using the [3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) method. The percentage of live cells and IC50 values were then calculated using Microsoft excel through a linear regression equation. Cell cycle inhibition assays were analyzed using the flow cytometry method. The results showed that ethanol extract of white cabbage (EEKP) contains indole-derived compounds, fatty acid groups and sterol groups that have potential as anticancer. Cytotoxic test using MTT method showed that ethanol extract of white cabbage (EEKP) and ethyl acetate fraction of white cabbage (FEA) had the best anticancer potential as indicated by the IC50 value. EEKP and FEA had moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 126.924 μg/mL and 194.151 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of EEKP and FEA was weak against T47D cells with IC50 values of 447.386 μg/mL and 436.754 μg/mL. However, EEKP and FEA were inactive against 4T1 cells with IC50 values of -78.089 μg/mL and 726.421 μg/mL. Analysis of the mechanism of cell cycle inhibition showed that cell cycle inhibition by EEKP and FEA occurred in the G2-M phase against T47D cells. The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract of white cabbage and ethyl acetate fraction of white cabbage have anticancer potential through cell cycle inhibition mechanism in T47D breast cancer cells. Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L., white cabbage, breast cancer cells, cytotoxic, cell cycle inhibition