Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kanker tiroid merupakan salah satu keganasan endokrin di sel parenkim tiroid dan termasuk dalam keganasan tersering di dunia. Penggunaan tanaman tradisional seperti tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) telah digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional Cina selama ratusan tahun dan dapat berperan sebagai agen antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa-senyawa aktif dalam minyak nilam Aceh dan mengetahui interaksinya dengan gen yang berhubungan dalam apoptosis dan proliferasi melalui pendekatan bioinformatika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi secara komputasional (in silico) dengan pendekatan network pharmacology. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan protein target kanker tiroid dan 22 senyawa metabolit sekunder minyak nilam Aceh yang diperoleh dari hasil GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) dan LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis farmakokinetik senyawa serta interaksinya dengan protein kanker tiroid menggunakan online database dan software Cytoscape 3.10. Hasil dari network pharmacology menunjukkan bahwa senyawa metabolit sekunder minyak nilam Aceh sesuai dengan aturan lima Lipinski dan memiliki interaksi terhadap gen protein kanker tiroid. Melalui analisis ontologi gen dan pengayaan jalur metabolisme diketahui bahwa senyawa metabolit sekunder minyak nilam Aceh dapat berinteraksi dengan target protein yang terlibat pada kanker tiroid khususnya dalam proses apoptosis dan proliferasi melalui gen MAPK3 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3) dan TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor). Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang ditemukan, senyawa metabolit sekunder minyak nilam Aceh memiliki interaksi yang menguntungkan terhadap aktivitas proliferasi dan apoptosis pada kanker tiroid dengan menargetkan gen MAPK3 dan TNF pada kanker tiroid.
Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, Minyak nilam, Kanker tiroid, Apoptosis, Proliferasi

Thyroid cancer is one of the endocrine malignancies in thyroid parenchymal cells and is among the most common malignancies in the world. The use of traditional plants such as Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years and act as anticancer agent. This study aims to analyze active compounds in Aceh patchouli oil and determine genes associated with apoptosis and proliferation through bioinformatics approach. The research method used is computational exploration (in silico) with a network pharmacology approach. This research was conducted using thyroid cancer target proteins and 22 secondary metabolite compounds of Aceh patchouli oil obtained from GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic analysis of compounds and their interactions with thyroid cancer proteins were carried out using online databases and Cytoscape 3.10 software. The results of network pharmacology show that Aceh patchouli oil secondary metabolite compounds conform to Lipinski's rule of five and have interactions with thyroid cancer protein genes. Through gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis, it is known that secondary metabolite compounds of Aceh patchouli oil can interact with protein targets in thyroid cancer, especially in apoptosis and proliferation process through MAPK3 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3) and TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) genes. Based on the analysis results found, Aceh patchouli oil secondary metabolite compounds have favorable interactions with proliferation and apoptosis activities in thyroid cancer by targeting the MAPK3 and TNF genes in thyroid cancer. Keywords: Pogostemon cablin Benth, Patchouli oil, Thyroid Cancer, Apoptosis, Proliferation