Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Asupan makanan mempengaruhi Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI yang berlebih dapat meningkatkan progresivitas penyakit ginjal diabetik (PGD). Berpuasa dapat membantu mengontrol berat badan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh asupan makanan selama tujuh hari puasa terhadap BMI pada pasien PGD. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode cohort retrospective dan desain analitik observasional pada Maret hingga April 2024 dengan 35 responden dengan metode total sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi terdiagnosa PGD, berpuasa selama berturut-turut 7 hari, berusia >18 tahun, dan bersedia menjadi responden, sedangkan eksklusi adalah pasien dengan gula darah tidak terkontrol, hamil/menyusui, serta memiliki penyakit dengan asupan makanan tidak adekuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, berdasarkan analisis regresi logistik asupan makanan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap BMI pada Pasien PGD (p = 0,000), dengan asupan karbohidrat (p = 0,045) dan lemak (p = 0,044) yang berperan signifikan terhadap perubahan BMI. Pasien dengan asupan karbohidrat kurang berpeluang 16,840 kali lebih tinggi mengalami penurunan BMI, sedangkan lemak kurang berpeluang 17,736 kali lebih tinggi mengalami penurunan BMI. Analisis Spearman menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara asupan karbohidrat (p = 0,000, r = 0,743), lemak (r = 0,741), dan protein (r = 0,424) dengan perubahan BMI. Mayoritas responden adalah laki-laki (51,4%), berusia 51-60 tahun (54,3%), dan memiliki riwayat keluarga diabetes melitus (54,3%).

Kata kunci: Asupan makanan, puasa, body mass index, penyakit ginjal diabetik

ABSTRACT Food intake affects Body Mass Index (BMI), and excessive BMI can increase the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Fasting may help control body weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of food intake during seven days of fasting on BMI in patients with DKD. The research was conducted using a retrospective cohort method and an observational analytical design from March to April 2024 with 35 respondents using total sampling. Inclusion criteria included being diagnosed with DKD, fasting for 7 consecutive days, being over 18 years of age, and willing to participate as a respondent, while exclusion criteria were patients with uncontrolled blood sugar, pregnant/breastfeeding, or having diseases with inadequate food intake. The results of the study showed that, based on logistic regression analysis, food intake simultaneously affected BMI in DKD patients (p = 0.000), with carbohydrate intake (p = 0.045) and fat intake (p = 0.044) having a significant role in BMI changes. Patients with lower carbohydrate intake were 16.840 times more likely to experience a decrease in BMI, while those with lower fat intake were 17.736 times more likely to experience a decrease in BMI. Spearman analysis showed a significant relationship between carbohydrate intake (p = 0.000, r = 0.743), fat (r = 0.741), and protein (r = 0.424) with changes in BMI. The majority of respondents were male (51.4%), aged 51-60 years (54.3%), and had a family history of diabetes mellitus (54.3%). Keywords: Food intake, fasting, body mass index, diabetic kidney disease.