Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) salah satu tanaman unggulan perkebunan tersebar di wilayah Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit tanaman karet yaitu jamur akar putih disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus sp. Gejala awal pada akar terdapat benang-benang jamur tebal berwarna putih, pada daun terlihat pucat berwarna kuning, tepi atau ujung daun terlipat kedalam, serangan berat tanaman tumbang dan mati. Kerugian akibat penyakit JAP mencapai 40% pada kasus serangan berat umumnya menyerang tanaman karet muda berumur 3-5 tahun. Pengendalian JAP yang dapat dikembangkan adalah secara biologi memanfaatkan mikroba antagonis bakteri maupun cendawan yang ada pada tanaman seperti akar, tanah, daun dan batang. Perlu dilakukan eksplorasi cendawan endofit yang berasosiasi diakar tanaman karet kemudian diuji in vitro. Prosedur penelitian meliputi isolasi, karakterisasi cendawan endofit dan jamur patogen, uji patogenisitas dan uji antagonis. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh enam isolat endofit dengan kode isolat A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6. Hasil uji patogenisitas didapat enam isolat cendawan endofit non patogen dari 3 genus yaitu Trichoderma, Aspergillus dan Penicillium. Isolat cendawan endofit tersebut memiliki potensi menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Rigidoporus sp. Hasil uji dual culture menunjukkan persentase penghambatan A1 (Trichoderma sp.1 66,10%), A2 (Trichoderma sp.2 67,36%), A3 (Aspergillus sp. 56,01%) dan A4 (Penicillium sp. 51,46%). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah cendawan endofit yang didapat pada akar tanaman karet diantaranya Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. dengan persentase daya hambat tertinggi oleh Trichoderma sp.2 sebesar 67,36%.

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is one of the leading plantation crops spread across Indonesia. One of the diseases of rubber plants is white root fungus caused by Rigidoporus sp. Early symptoms on the roots are thick white fungal threads, on the leaves look pale yellow, the edges or tips of the leaves folded in, heavy attacks of plants fall and die. Losses due to JAP disease reach 40% in cases of severe attacks generally attacking young rubber plants aged 3-5 years. JAP control that can be developed is biologically utilizing antagonistic microbial bacteria and fungi that exist in plants such as roots, soil, leaves and stems. It is necessary to explore endophytic fungi associated in the roots of rubber plants and then tested in vitro. Research procedures include isolation, characterization of endophytic fungi and pathogenic fungi, pathogenicity tests and antagonistic tests. The exploration results obtained six endophytic isolates with isolate codes A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6. Pathogenicity test results obtained six isolates of non-pathogenic endophytic fungi from 3 genus namely Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The endophytic fungus isolates have the potential to inhibit the growth and development of Rigidoporus sp. The dual culture test results showed the percentage of inhibition of A1 (Trichoderma sp.1 66.10%), A2 (Trichoderma sp.2 67.36%), A3 (Aspergillus sp. 56.01%) and A4 (Penicillium sp. 51.46%). The conclusion from the results of this study is that endophytic fungi obtained in the roots of rubber plants include Trichoderma sp.1, Trichoderma sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. with the highest percentage of inhibition by Trichoderma sp.2 of 67.36%.