Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Di wilayah Asia, sebanyak 50% produksi pisang dihasilkan oleh Indonesia. Hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia merupakan daerah penghasil pisang karena didukung oleh iklim yang sesuai. Saat ini terdapat 230 lebih kultivar pisang di Indonesia, yang tersebar luas di Sumatera, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku dan Papua. Di Aceh khususnya Kabupaten Pidie pisang merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan. Salah satu faktor penyebab menurunnya hasil produksi pisang adalah organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT) yang disebabkan oleh patogen. Patogen yang disebabkan oleh nematoda dapat menimbulkan kerugian hingga 75% pada tanaman pisang. Berdasarkan hasil survei lahan pisang di Desa Paloh Jeureula Kabupaten Pidie, terdapat tanaman pisang yang menunjukkan gejala terserang nematoda. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan eksplorasi nematoda yang berasosiasi pada kultivar pisang kepok dan raja, untuk mengetahui jenis nematoda yang berasosiasi pada kultivar pisang kepok dan pisang raja.
Sampel akar dan tanah pisang diambil dari Desa Paloh Jeureula, Kabupaten Pidie pada kebun pisang yang terdapat pisang kepok dan pisang raja. Sampel tanaman diambil sebanyak 5 sampel dari setiap kultivar pisang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan tanaman yang bergejala dengan mengambil sampel akar sebanyak ± 50 g dan tanah di sekitar perakaran tanaman sebanyak ± 100 g. Sampel tersebut dibawa ke Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala untuk proses ekstraksi dan identifikasi. Rangkaian langkah kerja dimulai dari survei dan pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi nematoda parasit pada sampel akar dan tanah, penghitungan jumlah nematoda parasit dan non parasit, identifikasi nematoda berdasarkan karakter morfologi, dan penghitungan kelimpahan nematoda parasit.
Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, diperoleh rata-rata nematoda parasit pada akar pisang kepok sebanyak 312 ekor dan pada tanah sebanyak 209,1 ekor. Sedangkan rata-rata nematoda non parasit pada akar pisang kapok sebanyak 66,2 ekor dan pada tanah sebanyak 60,5 ekor. Rata-rata Nematoda parasit yang ditemukan pada akar pisang raja sebanyak 252 ekor dan pada tanah sebanyak 94,5 ekor. Sedangkan rata-rata nematoda non parasit pada akar pisang raja sebanyak 43,1 ekor dan pada tanah sebanyak 46,8 ekor. Genus nematoda parasit yang ditemukan pada kultivar pisang kepok dan raja berdasarkan identifikasi karakter morfologi antara lain: Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus dan Meloidogyne.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah jumlah nematoda parasit lebih banyak ditemukan dibandingkan dengan nematoda non parasit. Tiga genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan ditemukan berasosiasi dengan kultivar pisang kepok dan pisang raja antara lain: Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus dan Meloidogyne. Persentase kehadiran nematoda parasit paling banyak adalah Helicotylenchus baik pada pisang kepok maupun pada pisang raja.

IABSTRACT In the Asian region, 50% of banana production is produced by Indonesia. Almost all of Indonesia is a banana producing area because it is supported by a suitable climate. Currently, there are more than 230 banana cultivars in Indonesia, which are widely spread in Sumatra, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua. In Aceh, especially Pidie Regency, bananas are one of the leading commodities. One of the factors causing the decline in banana production is plant pests (OPT) caused by pathogens. Pathogens caused by nematodes can cause losses of up to 75% in banana plants. Based on the results of a banana land survey in Paloh Jeureula Village, Pidie Regency, there are banana plants that show symptoms of being attacked by nematodes. Therefore, it is necessary to explore nematodes associated with kepok and raja banana cultivars, to determine the types of nematodes associated with kepok and raja banana cultivars. Banana root and soil samples were taken from Paloh Jeureula Village, Pidie Regency in a banana plantation containing kepok bananas and raja bananas. Plant samples were taken as many as 5 samples from each banana cultivar. Sampling was carried out based on symptomatic plants by taking root samples of ± 50 g and soil around the plant roots of ± 100 g. The samples were taken to the Plant Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University for extraction and identification.The series of work steps starts from surveys and sampling, extraction of nematodes from root and soil samples, counting the number of parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes, identifying nematodes based on morphological characteristics, and calculating the abundance of parasitic nematodes. Based on the observation results, the average parasitic nematodes on the roots of kepok bananas were 312 and on the soil were 209.1. Meanwhile, the average non-parasitic nematodes on the roots of kepok bananas were 66.2 and on the soil were 60.5. The average parasitic nematodes found on the roots of raja bananas were 252 and on the soil were 94.5. Meanwhile, the average non-parasitic nematodes on the roots of raja bananas were 43.1 and on the soil were 46.8. The genus of parasitic nematodes found on kepok and raja banana cultivars based on morphological character identification include: Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. The conclusion of this study is that the number of parasitic nematodes was found more than non-parasitic nematodes. Three genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found associated with kepok banana and raja banana cultivars, namely: Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne. The percentage of the presence of the most parasitic nematodes was Helicotylenchus both on kepok bananas and plantains.