Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Padi (Oryza sativa L) merupakan tanaman pokok yang vital bagi ketahanan pangan
di Indonesia, di mana hampir 95% penduduknya mengonsumsi beras sebagai bahan pangan
utama. Produksi beras Indonesia mencapai 31,4 juta ton pada tahun 2022, meningkat 0,59%
dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Meskipun produksi beras mengalam kenaikan, serangan
serangga herbivora, termasuk wereng dan ulat grayak tetap menjadi hambatan dalam usaha
mempertahankan produksi padi. Penggunaan pestisida kimia yang umum dilakukan
memiliki dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia serta dapat
menyebabkan resistensi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penelitian yang berfokus pada
pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan, seperti penggunaan buah nanas (Ananas comosus)
sebagai atraktan alami bagi serangga herbivora. Buah nanas mengandung senyawa volatil
dengan aroma khas yang menarik serangga, mirip dengan feromon seks. Semakin matang
buah nanas, semakin tinggi kandungan gulanya yang menarik serangga herbivora,
menjadikannya alat pengendalian serangga herbivora yang potensial dan ramah lingkungan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah tingkat kematangan buah nanas
berpengaruh terhadap efektivitasnya sebagai perangkap serangga hama pada tanaman padi
sawah.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di persawahan di Desa Aneuk Glee Kecamatan Indrapuri
Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan Laboratorium Dasar-Dasar Perlindungan Tanaman Fakultas
Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala sejak Januari sampai April 2024. Penelitian ini terdiri atas
tiga taraf perlakuan yaitu buah nanas mengkal, matang dan sangat matang dengan 6 ulangan,
sehingga didapatkan 18 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati berupa kekayaan serangga
herbivora, keanekaragaman serangga herbivora, kesamaan serangga herbivora dan
kemerataan serangga herbivora.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai nilai rata-rata kelimpahan serangga
herbivora yang terperangkap pada perlakuan mengkal 43,5, perlakuan matang sebesar 57,5
dan perlakuan sangat matang sebesaar 46,5. Nilai indeks kekayaan serangga herbivora yang
paling tinggi pada perlakuan sangat matang yaitu 1,77 kemudian diikuti matang 1,54 dan
mengkal 1,07. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga herbivora paling tinggi pada
perlakuan matang sebesar 1,81 diikuti sangat matang 1,71 dan mengkal 1,54. Nilai indeks
similaritas serangga herbivora antara ketiga perlakuan yaitu 0,50. Nilai indeks kemerataan
yang paling tinggi ditunjukan oleh perlakuan mengkal yaitu sebesar 0,79 kemudian diikuti
matang 0,78 dan sangat matang 0,71.
Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kematangan buah nanas yang
paling efektif dalam memerangkap serangga herbivora pada tanaman padi adalah buah nanas
dengan tingkat kematangan matang.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple crop that is vital for food security in Indonesia, where nearly 95% of its population consumes rice as a primary food source. Indonesia's rice production reached 31.4 million tonnes in 2022, an increase of 0.59% compared to the previous year. Although rice production has increased, attacks from herbivorous insects, including planthoppers and armyworms, continue to be a barrier in efforts to maintain rice production. The common use of chemical pesticides has negative impacts on the environment and human health, and it can lead to resistance. Therefore, research focussing on environmentally friendly control is needed, such as the use of pineapple (Ananas comosus) as a natural attractant for herbivorous insects. Pineapples contain volatile compounds with a distinctive aroma that attracts insects, similar to sex pheromones. The riper the pineapple, the higher its sugar content, which attracts herbivorous insects, making it a potential and environmentally friendly tool for controlling herbivorous insects. This research aims to determine whether the maturity level of pineapple fruit affects its effectiveness as an insect pest trap for rice plants. This research was conducted in the rice fields of Aneuk Glee Village, Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar Regency, and at the Basic Plant Protection Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from January to April 2024. This research consists of three treatment levels: unripe pineapple, ripe pineapple, and overripe pineapple, with 6 repetitions, resulting in a total of 18 experimental units. The observed variables include the wealth of herbivorous insects, the diversity of herbivorous insects, the similarity of herbivorous insects, and the evenness of herbivorous insects. The research results indicate that the average abundance values of herbivorous insects trapped in the raw treatment are 43.5, in the mature treatment, 57.5, and in the very mature treatment, 46.5. The highest richness index of herbivorous insects is found in the very mature treatment at 1.77, followed by the mature treatment at 1.54 and the raw treatment at 1.07. The highest diversity index of herbivorous insects is in the mature treatment at 1.81, followed by the very mature treatment at 1.71 and the raw treatment at 1.54. The similarity index of herbivorous insects among the three treatments is 0.50. The highest evenness index is shown by the raw treatment at 0.79, followed by the mature treatment at 0.78 and the very mature treatment at 0.71. From this research, it can be concluded that the most effective level of pineapple ripeness for trapping herbivorous insects on rice plants is ripe pineapple.