Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sintesis nanopartikel oksida anorganik dari limbah tulang kambing (capra hircus) dengan metode presipitasi telah berhasil dilakukan. Katalis yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Diffractions (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Micriscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing tanpa kalsinasi dan partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing setelah kalsinasi secara kimia mengandung komponen utama yaitu hidroksiapatit (Ca5(PO4)3OH), kalsium oksida (CaO), dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3). Karakterisasi lebih lanjut menggunakan SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing yang telah dikalsinasi menghasilkan distribusi ukuran partikel yang lebih homogen dibandingkan dengan partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing tanpa kalsinasi, kedua partikel tersebut mengandung unsur utama yaitu kalsium (Ca), fosfor (P) dan Oksigen (O). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ukuran partikel menggunakan persamaan Scherrer dari intensitas spesifik XRD diketahui bahwa partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing tanpa kalsinasi memiliki ukuran partikel sebesar 69,89 nm, sedangkan ukuran partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing setelah kalsinasi yaitu sebesar 34,16 nm. Pengujian kinerja katalitik dari katalis yang dipreparasi dengan metode presipitasi diaplikasikan pada sistem reaksi transesterifikasi minyak Refined Blanched Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) dengan metanol menjadi biodiesel, diperoleh nilai yield biodiesel menggunakan katalis partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing tanpa kalsinasi sebesar 72,41%, sedangkan nilai yield biodiesel menggunakan katalis partikel oksida anorganik dari tulang kambing setelah dikalsinasi sebesar 92,06 %. Hasil analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra (GC-MS) mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis metil ester yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasidiantaranya metil palmitat dan metil oleat. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki bilangan asam, massa jenis dan viskositas yang sudah sesuai dengan ketetapan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7182:2015).

Kata kunci: Tulang kambing, transesterifikasi, biodiesel, nanokatalis, presipitasi

The synthesis of inorganic oxide nanoparticles from goat bone (capra hircus) bone waste by precipitation method has been successfully carried out. The resulting catalyst was characterized using X-Ray Diffractions (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Micriscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Results of characterization on those inorganic oxide particles without calcination and those goat bone particles with calcination process using XRD and FTIR indicating the main components of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH), calcium oxide (CaO), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Additional SEM-EDS analysis shows that although the three primary elements of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and oxygen (O) are present in both types of inorganic oxide particles, whereas the particles of calcined goat bone have a more uniform particle size distribution than the non-calcined goat bone particles. Based on the specific intensity of XRD, the Scherrer equation was used to calculate the particle sizes of both inorganic oxide particles. The size of the inorganic oxide particles prepared from goat bones that were not calcined was 34.16 nm, according to the results, while the inorganic oxide particles that underwent calcination had a particle size of 69.89 nm.. The catalytic performance of inorganic oxides particles prepared by the precipitation method was applied to the tranesterification reaction system of Refined Blanched Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) oil with methanol into biodiesel Application of inorganic oxide particles without calcination in transesterification system as catalysts was yielding of 72.41%, while the yield value while using inorganic oxide particle catalysts with calcination treatment in the reaction system was yielding 92.06%. Chemical composition of catalysis product was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra (GC-MS) which are identified several types of methyl esters produced final product which were consisting of methyl palmitate and methyl oleate. The obtained biodiesel produced in this experiment has an acid number, density and viscosity that are in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182: 2015). Keywords: Goat bone, tranesterification, biodiesel, nanocatalyst, precipitation.