Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Penggunaan kantong plastik yang meningkat dan tidak standar dapat merusak organ tubuh, meningkatkan risiko kanker, dan merusak lingkungan karena sifatnya yang tidak terdegradasi. Solusinya adalah plastik biodegradable. Limbah biji nangka, yang kaya nutrisi dan pati, berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk produk pangan dan non-pangan, termasuk pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Meski ramah lingkungan, plastik berbahan pati memiliki kekurangan seperti sifat hidrofilik dan ketahanan rendah terhadap uap air, sehingga memerlukan bahan tambahan seperti lilin lebah untuk memperbaiki kualitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik plastik biodegradable dari pati biji nangka dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi lilin lebah terhadap karakteristik kemasan plastik biodegradable berbasis pati biji nangka.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan perlakuan konsentrasi lilin lebah yaitu L1 = 0%, L2 = 2%, L3 = 4% dan L4= 6%, dengan setiap satuan percobaan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter yang diuji pada pati biji nangka yaitu rendemen dan kadar air. Parameter yang diuji pada plastik biodegradable adalah ketebalan, kekuatan tarik, elongasi, daya serap air, kadar air dan kelarutan, pH, uji swelling, dan water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability dan biodegradasi.
Pengujian karakteristik pati biji nangka menghasilkan pati biji nangka dengan rendemen yaitu 34,7%% dan kadar air 7,05%. Hasil pengujian karakteristik plastik biodegradable dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai ketebalan berkisar antara 0,012 mm – 0,023 mm, nilai kekuatan tarik berkisar antara 38,57 MPa – 55,21 MPa, nilai elongasi berkisar antara 18,98% - 136,51%, nilai daya serap air berkisar antara antara 208,28% - 358,43%, nilai kadar air berkisar antara 8,48% - 17,56%, nilai kelarutan berkisar antara 32,92%- 65,40%, nilai pH berkisar 7-7,30, nilai swelling berkisar antara 70,38% - 72,90%, nilai WVP berkisar antara 4,79 x 10-4 gm- 1pa-1h-1 – 8,80 x 10-4 gm-1pa-1h-1, nilai oxygen permeability berkisar diantara 1,99 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa-1 – 7,14 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa-1, dan nilai biodegradasi berkisar antara 29,65% - 51,47%. Hasil analisis varians menunjukan konsentrasi lilin lebah berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ketebalan, kekuatan tarik dan elongasi, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai daya serap air, uji swelling, pH, kadar air, kelarutan, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, dan uji biodegradasi. Perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat pada plastik biodegradable yaitu dengan konsentrasi lilin lebah 6% dengan nilai ketebalan 0,023 mm, kekuatan tarik 53,48 MPa, elongasi 60,60 %, daya serap air 208,28 %, kadar air 8,48 %, kelarutan 32,92 %, pH 7,30, swelling 70,38 %, water vapor permeability 6,79 x 10-4 gm-1pa-1h-1, oxygen permeability 7,14 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa-1, dan uji biodegradasi 29,65%.

The increasing and non-standard use of plastic bags can damage body organs, increase the risk of cancer, and damage the environment due to their non-degradable nature. The solution is biodegradable plastic. Jackfruit seed waste, which is rich in nutrients and starch, has the potential to be used for food and non-food products, including making biodegradable plastic. Even though it is environmentally friendly, plastic made from starch has disadvantages such as hydrophilic properties and low resistance to water vapor, so it requires additional ingredients such as beeswax to improve its quality. This research aims to determine the characteristics of biodegradable plastic from jackfruit seed starch and to determine the effect of beeswax concentration on the characteristics of biodegradable plastic packaging based on jackfruit seed starch. Testing the characteristics of jackfruit seed starch produced jackfruit seed starch with a yield of 34.7% and a water content of 7.05%. The results of testing the characteristics of biodegradable plastic in this study were thickness values ranging from 0.012 mm - 0.023 mm, tensile strength values ranging from 38.57 MPa - 55.21 MPa, elongation values ranging from 18.98% - 136.51%, strength values Water absorption ranges between 208.28% - 358.43%, water content ranges between 8.48% - 17.56%, solubility ranges between 32.92% - 65.40%, pH value ranges from 7-7 .30, swelling value ranges from 70.38% - 72.90%, WVP value ranges from 4.79 x 10-4 gm-1pa-1h-1 – 8.80 x 10-4 gm-1pa-1h-1 , the oxygen permeability value ranges between 1.99 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa-1 – 7.14 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa-1, and the biodegradation value ranges between 29.65% - 51.47% . The results of variance analysis show that beeswax concentration has a significant effect on thickness, tensile strength and elongation values, but does not have a significant effect on water absorption values, swelling tests, pH, water content, solubility, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability and biodegradation tests. The best treatment in this research is biodegradable plastic, namely with a beeswax concentration of 6% with a thickness of 0.023 mm, tensile strength of 53.48 MPa, elongation of 60.60%, water absorption capacity of 208.28%, water content of 8.48%, solubility 32.92 %, pH 7.30, swelling 70.38 %, water vapor permeability 6.79 x 10-4 gm-1pa-1h-1, oxygen permeability 7.14 x 10-8 g.m-1.pa -1, and biodegradation test 29.65%.