Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kerbau merupakan ternak ruminansia besar yang turut berperan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan daging di Indonesia. Terdapat dua golongan kerbau domestikasi yakni kerbau lumpur (Swamp buffalo) dan kerbau sungai (Reverine buffalo). Tujuan peternak memelihara ternak kerbau yaitu sebagai investasi jangka panjang, sebagai pekerjaan sampingan dan membantu peternak dalam mengelola lahan pertanian seperti membantu dalam membajak sawah. Pada tahun 2020 Kabupaten Aceh Selatan memiliki populasi kerbau berjumlah 3.719 ekor. Pada tahun 2021 meningkat menjadi 4.325 ekor, namun pada tahun 2022 populasi kerbau menurun menjadi 4.155 ekor. Penurunan populasi kerbau dapat disebabkan karena kerbau memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah, yaitu pubertas yang lambat, periode post-partum anestrus panjang, periode calving interval panjang, tanda-tanda estrus yang kurang jelas dan angka kebuntingan yang rendah.
Penelitian ini sudah dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Januari 2024 di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, meliputi 2 (dua) Kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Pasie Raja dan Kecamatan Kluet Utara. Lokasi penelitian Kecamatan Pasie Raja meliputi 4 (empat) desa yaitu Desa Ujung Padang Asahan, Kampung Baro, Pasie Rasian dan Ladang Tuha dan Kecamatan Kluet Utara adalah desa Pasie Kuala Asahan, Pasie Kuala Ba’u, Gunong Pulo, Fajar Harapan. Peternak yang menjadi responden ditetapkan secara purposive sampling, yaitu peternak yang memiliki kerbau betina yang telah beranak 2 (dua) kali atau lebih. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian adalah umur birahi pertama (pubertas), kawin pertama, lama bunting, umur pertama beranak, jarak antara melahirkan sampai bunting kembali dan jarak beranak (calving interval).
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur birahi pertama kerbau lokal di Pasie Raja rata-rata 31,83±1,28 bulan, di Kluet Utara rata-rata 32,95±0,60 bulan. Kawin pertama kerbau lokal di Kecamatan Pasie Raja rata-rata 34,23±1,3 bulan dan di Kluet Utara rata-rata 36,05±1,29 bulan. Lama bunting kerbau lokal di Kecamatan Pasie Raja rata-rata 10,35±0,31 dan di Kluet Utara rata-rata 10,43±0,24 bulan. Umur pertama beranak kerbau lokal di Kecamatan Pasie Raja rata-rata 47,80±4,17 bulan, dan di Kluet Utara rata-rata 48,20±4,10 bulan. Jarak antara melahirkan sampai bunting kembali di Kecamatan Pasie Raja rata-rata 5,66±0,71 bulan, dan di Kluet Utara rata-rata 5,55±0,5o bulan. Jarak beranak kerbau lokal di Pasie Raja rata-rata 16,02±1,44 bulan, dan di Kluet Utara rata-rata 16,00±1,40 bulan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kerbau lokal di Kabupaten Aceh Selatan Provinsi Aceh memiliki karakteristik reproduksi yang baik karena data yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian tidak jauh berbeda dengan kerbau lokal di daerah lain.

Buffalo is a large ruminant animal that plays a role in meeting the need for meat in Indonesia. There are two groups of domesticated buffalo, namely mud buffalo (Swamp buffalo) and river buffalo (Reverine buffalo). The aim of breeders in keeping buffalo is as a long-term investment, as a side job and to help breeders in managing agricultural land such as helping in plowing fields. In 2020, South Aceh Regency had a buffalo population of 3,719. In 2021 it increased to 4,325 heads, but in 2022 the buffalo population decreased to 4,155 heads. The decline in the buffalo population can be caused by buffalo having low reproductive efficiency, namely slow puberty, long post-partum anestrus period, long calving interval, unclear signs of estrus and low pregnancy rate. This research was carried out from December 2023 to January 2024 in South Aceh Regency, covering 2 (two) sub-districts, namely Pasie Raja District and North Kluet District. The research location in Pasie Raja District includes 4 (four) villages, namely Ujung Padang Asahan Village, Kampung Baro, Pasie Rasian and Ladang Tuha and North Kluet District is the villages of Pasie Kuala Asahan, Pasie Kuala Ba'u, Gunong Pulo, Fajar Harapan. Farmers who were respondents were determined using purposive sampling, namely breeders who had female buffaloes that had given birth 2 (two) times or more. The parameters observed in the research were age at first lust (puberty), first marriage, duration of pregnancy, age at first birth, distance between giving birth until pregnancy again and birth interval (calving interval). Based on the research results, it shows that the average age of first heat for local buffalo in Pasie Raja is 31.83 ± 1.28 months, in North Kluet the average is 32.95 ± 0.60 months. The first mating of local buffalo in Pasie Raja District is an average of 34.23 ± 1.3 months and in North Kluet an average of 36.05 ± 1.29 months. The average gestation period for local buffalo in Pasie Raja District is 10.35 ± 0.31 and in North Kluet the average is 10.43 ± 0.24 months. The average age of first calving for local buffalo in Pasie Raja District is 47.80 ± 4.17 months, and in North Kluet the average is 48.20 ± 4.10 months. The distance between giving birth and becoming pregnant again in Pasie Raja District is an average of 5.66 ± 0.71 months, and in North Kluet the average is 5.55 ± 0.5o months. The calving interval for local buffalo in Pasie Raja is an average of 16.02 ± 1.44 months, and in North Kluet the average is 16.00 ± 1.40 months. This shows that local buffalo in South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province have good reproductive characteristics because the data obtained from research results are not much different from local buffalo in other areas.