Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Enterococcus faecalis menyebabkan infeksi endodontik dengan membentuk biofilm pada substrat gigi melalui eksopolisakarida. Pogostemon cablin Benth. berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan antibiofilm terhadap E. faecalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun nilam Aceh varietas Tapak Tuan, mengevaluasi efektivitas antibakteri dan antibiofilm ekstrak dan obat kumur terhadap E. faecalis, serta mengetahui evaluasi sensori obat kumur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode maserasi untuk ekstraksi, dengan analisis fitokimia menggunakan GC-MS dan KLT. Evaluasi antibakteri ekstrak melalui analisis bioautografi dan ALT, sedangkan obat kumur menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer. Analisis biofilm dan antibiofilm ekstrak dan obat kumur menggunakan microtiter plate biofilm assay dengan pengukuran OD pada panjang gelombang 492 nm. Evaluasi mutu obat kumur mencakup organoleptik, pH dan viskositas. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji yaitu 1,56%, 3,12%, 6,25%, 12,5% dan 25% dan kontrol positif CHX 0,2%, serta obat kumur menggunakan konsentrasi MIC (12,5%) dan 2xMIC (25%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen total ekstrak sebesar 8,257%, dengan senyawa utama berupa golongan seskuiterpen melalui analisis GC-MS. Hasil KLT menunjukkan keberadaan alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid dan terpenoid, sementara uji bioautografi menunjukkan bahwa alkaloid, steroid dan terpenoid efektif menghambat E. faecalis. Analisis ALT seluruh konsentrasi ekstrak setelah inkubasi menghambat pertumbuhan E. faecalis, bahkan konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5% dan 25% membunuh E. faecalis. Waktu optimum terbentuknya biofilm terjadi selama 24-72 jam, dengan persentase antibiofilm ekstrak tertinggi pada konsentrasi 25% sebesar 74,38% dan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata antar seluruh perlakuan konsentrasi, sehingga mampu menggatikan kontrol positif (CHX 0,2%) sebagai agen antibiofilm E. faecalis. Aktivitas antibakteri formulasi 2xMIC lebih kuat dibandingkan formulasi MIC dengan diameter zona hambat berturut sebesar 5,81 mm dan 2,75 mm, serta berpotensi sebagai antibiofilm E. faecalis dengan persentase hambat pada F1 dan F2 berturut sebesar 78,49% dan 79,41%. Hasil evaluasi sensori menunjukkan kedua formulasi memenuhi standar obat kumur dalam hal konsistensi, warna, aroma, rasa, pH dan viskositas.

Kata Kunci: Enterococcos faecalis, Pogostemon cablin Benth., antibakteri, biofilm, antibiofilm

Enterococcus faecalis causes endodontic infections by forming biofilms on the tooth substrate through exopolysaccharides. Pogostemon cablin Benth. has potential as an antibacterial and antibiofilm against E. faecalis. This study aims to explore the phytochemicals of ethanol extracts of Aceh patchouli leaves of the Tapak Tuan variety, evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of extracts and mouthwash against E. faecalis, and determine the sensory evaluation of mouthwash. This study used the maceration method for extraction, with phytochemical analysis using GC-MS and KLT. Antibacterial evaluation of the extract was done through bioautography and ALT analysis, while the mouthwash used the Kirby-Bauer method. Biofilm and antibiofilm analysis of extracts and mouthwash using a microtiter plate biofilm assay with OD measurement at 492 nm wavelength. The evaluation of mouthwash quality included organoleptics, pH, and viscosity. The tested extract concentrations were 1.56%, 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%, and the positive control CHX was 0.2%. Mouthwash was used using MIC (12.5%) and 2xMIC (25%) concentrations. The results showed a total extract yield of 8.257%, with the main compounds being sesquiterpene groups, through GC-MS analysis. KLT results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids, while bioautography tests showed that alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids effectively inhibited E. faecalis. ALT analysis of all extract concentrations after incubation inhibited the growth of E. faecalis, even concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25% killed E. faecalis. The optimum time for biofilm formation occurred for 24-72 hours, with the highest percentage of extract antibiofilm at a concentration of 74.38% and no significant difference between all concentration treatments, so that it was able to replace the positive control (CHX 0.2%) as an E. faecalis antibiofilm agent. The antibacterial activity of the 2xMIC formulation was stronger than the MIC formulation with an inhibition zone diameter of 5.81 mm and 2.75 mm, respectively, and has the potential to be an E. faecalis antibiofilm with a percentage inhibition in F1 and F2 of 78.49% and 79.41%, respectively. Sensory evaluation results showed that both formulations met the standards of mouthwash in terms of consistency, color, aroma, taste, pH, and viscosity. Keywords: Enterococcos faecalis, Pogostemon cablin Benth., antibacterial, biofilm, antibiofilm