Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) merupakan sapi lokal Indonesia tipe potong dan merupakan turunan dari bangsa Bos indicus. Sapi lokal dapat diidentifikasikan sebagai sapi hasil persilangan sapi dari luar (eksotik) dengan sapi asli di wilayah sapi tersebut hidup, berkembang dan mengalami adaptasi lokal. Bangsa sapi PO merupakan hasil persilangan (hibridisasi) antara sapi Ongole asal Pulau Sumba dengan sapi jawa di Pulau Jawa sehingga menghasilkan sapi yang mirip dengan sapi Ongole. Sapi PO dihasilkan melalui kebijakan pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda pada masa lalu melalui program Ongolisasi secara grading-up.
Sapi PO sangat disukai oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk dipelihara dan dikembangkan. Hal ini karena sapi PO memiliki beberapa keunggulan seperti lebih toleran terhadap lingkungan tropis dengan temperatur yang panas dan kelembaban yang tinggi serta pakan yang terbatas, tahan terhadap serangan endoparasit dan ektoparasit, memiliki pertumbuhan yang relatif cepat walaupun tidak secepat pertumbuhan sapi dari bangsa Bos taurus. Secara umum sapi PO memiliki ciri yang mirip dengan sapi Ongole. Sapi Ongole memiliki ciri-ciri berwarna putih sedikit keabuan, terdapat gelambir mulai dari bawah rahang hingga ujung dada di bagian depan, bentuk badan relatif besar, panjang dan dalam, paha besar, berpunuk, kepala relatif panjang, telinga sedikit besar dan menggantung, kulit tebal. Ciri lain sapi PO yaitu profil muka segitiga lurus, bertanduk dan berwarna hitam, warna moncong hitam, rambut ekor (tail feather) berwarna hitam, dan tracak (nail) berwarna hitam.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara mencakup empat desa: Perpanden, Sampe Cita, Suka Rende, dan Lau Bekeri. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 Desember 2023 sampai dengan 27 Januari 2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei untuk memperoleh data primer dan sekunder. Peternak yang dijadikan responden ditetapkan secara purposive sampling, yaitu peternak yang memiliki 2 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole yang telah beranak minimal 2 (dua) kali. Responden yang dipilih sebanyak 91 orang peternak sapi berdasarkan rumus Slovin. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu performans reproduksi sapi Peranakan Ongole betina meliputi umur berahi pertama, umur kawin pertama, umur bunting pertama, lama bunting, umur beranak pertama, post partum mating, dan calving interval. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi, persentase, menghitung nilai rataan, dan simpangan baku.
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa performans reproduksi sapi Peranakan Ongole di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang yaitu: umur berahi pertama pada 23,82 bulan, umur kawin pertama 24,09 bulan, umur bunting pertama 25,05 bulan, lama bunting 9,27 bulan, umur beranak pertama 31,62 bulan, post partum mating 3,89 bulan, dan calving interval 13,18 bulan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa performans reproduksi sapi Peranakan Ongole yang berada di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang dalam keadaan baik (normal).

Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle are local Indonesian beef cattle and are derived from Bos indicus. Local cattle can be identified as cattle resulting from the crossing of cattle from outside (exotic) with native cattle in the area where the cattle live, develop and experience local adaptation. PO cattle are the result of crossbreeding (hybridization) between Ongole cattle from Sumba Island and Javanese cattle in Java Island, resulting in cattle similar to Ongole cattle. PO cattle were produced through the policies of the Dutch East Indies colonial government in the past through a grading-up Ongolization program. PO cattle are highly favored by the Indonesian people to be raised and developed. This is because PO cattle have several advantages such as being more tolerant of tropical environments with hot temperatures and high humidity as well as limited feed, resistant to endoparasites and ectoparasites, have relatively fast growth although not as fast as the growth of cattle from Bos taurus. In general, PO cattle have similar characteristics to Ongole cattle. Ongole cattle have a slightly grayish white color, there are hairs starting from under the jaw to the tip of the chest at the front, relatively large body shape, long and deep, large thighs, humped, relatively long head, slightly large and hanging ears, thick skin. Other characteristics of PO cattle are straight triangular face profile, horns and black color, black muzzle color, black tail feather, and black nail. This research was conducted in Kutalimbaru Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province covering four villages: Perpanden, Sampe Cita, Suka Rende, and Lau Bekeri. This research was conducted from December 27, 2023 to January 27, 2024. The research method used in this study was a survey to obtain primary and secondary data. Farmers who were used as respondents were determined by purposive sampling, namely farmers who owned 2 Peranakan Ongole cows that had bred at least 2 (two) times. A total of 91 respondents were selected based on the Slovin formula. The parameters observed in this study were reproductive performance of female Peranakan Ongole cows including age at first heat, age at first mating, age at first pregnancy, length of pregnancy, age at first lambing, post partum mating, and calving interval. Data analysis was carried out using frequency tables, percentages, calculating mean values, and standard deviations. The results obtained showed that the reproductive performance of Peranakan Ongole cattle in Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang Regency, namely: age at first lambing 23.82 months, age at first mating 24.09 months, age at first pregnancy 25.05 months, length of pregnancy 9.27 months, age at first calving 31.62 months, post partum mating 3.89 months, and calving interval 13.18 months. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the reproductive performance of Peranakan Ongole cattle in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency is in good condition (normal).