Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

PERAN ZAKAT DALAM MENGURANGI DAMPAK INSTABILITAS HARGA TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DAN KETIMPANGAN DI INDONESIA

Oleh: Fathin Azzahra
NPM. 2201201010001

Pembimbing 1 : Prof. Dr. M. Shabri, S.E., M.Ec
Pembimbing 2 : Dr. Suriani, S.E., M.Si

Penelitian ini menganalisis secara empiris peran zakat dalam memediasi pengaruh harga emas, nilai tukar dan harga minyak terhadap kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) digunakan untuk menganalisis data bulanan periode 2017-2022. Hasil temuan membuktikan peningkatan realisasi zakat membantu mengurangi kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Sementara itu, peningkatan harga emas, harga minyak dan nilai tukar rupiah yang terdepresiasi terhadap dolar menyebabkan kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia meningkat. Ketidakstabilan harga-harga menyebabkan penerimaan zakat menjadi berkurang. Hasil pengaruh mediasi memperlihatkan bahwa zakat memediasi secara parsial pengaruh instabilitas harga terhadap kemiskinan dan ketimpangan. Sementara itu, zakat memediasi penuh pengaruh harga minyak terhadap kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa dampak kemiskinan dan ketimpangan akibat dari meningkatnya harga minyak dapat direduksi melalui zakat. Temuan ini berimplikasi bahwa penting untuk menjaga stabilitas harga karena guncangan harga emas, harga minyak dan depresiasi nilai tukar erat kaitannya dengan inflasi sehingga akan memengaruhi pendapatan serta kemampuan masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokoknya. Kemudian perlu adanya strategi pengelolaan zakat yang tepat seperti inovasi program pemberdayaan mustahik serta pendampingan agar kemajuan mustahik dapat dievaluasi dan penting untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan muzakki agar tertarik membayar zakat melalui lembaga resmi pemerintah sehingga peran zakat dalam mengurangi kemiskinan dan ketimpangan menjadi lebih optimal.
Kata Kunci: Zakat, Instabilitas Harga, Kemiskinan, Ketimpangan

ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF ZAKAT IN REDUCING THE IMPACT OF PRICE INSTABILITY ON POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN INDONESIA By: Fathin Azzahra NPM. 2201201010001 Supervisor 1 : Prof. Dr. M. Shabri, S.E., M.Ec Supervisor 2 : Dr. Suriani, S.E., M.Si This study empirically analyses the role of zakat in mediating the effect of gold price, exchange rates and oil prices on poverty and inequality in Indonesia. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is used to analyse monthly data for 2017-2022. The findings prove that increasing zakat realisation helps reduce poverty and inequality in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the increase in gold price, oil price and depreciated rupiah against the dollar caused poverty and inequality in Indonesia to increase. The instability of prices causes zakat revenue to decrease. The mediation effect results show that zakat partially mediates the impact of price instability on poverty and inequality. Meanwhile, zakat fully mediates the effect of oil prices on poverty and inequality in Indonesia. This confirms that the impact of poverty and inequality due to increasing oil prices can be reduced through zakat. This finding implies that it is important to maintain price stability because shocks to gold prices, oil prices and exchange rate depreciation are closely related to inflation, affecting people's income and ability to fulfil their basic needs. Then, there is a need for appropriate zakat management strategies, such as innovations in mustahik empowerment programmes and mentoring, so that mustahik progress can be evaluated. It is important to increase the trust of muzakki to be interested in paying zakat through official government institutions so that the role of zakat in reducing poverty and inequality becomes more optimal. Keywords: Zakat, Price Instability, Poverty, Inequality