Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Di Gampong Pande terdapat objek cagar budaya dan hutan mangrove yang merupakan
bekas kota pelabuhan kuno kerajaan Aceh Darussalam di masa lampau. Setelah gempa
bumi dan gelombang tsunami yang melanda pesisir Kota Banda Aceh tahun 2004, bekas
ibukota Aceh Darussalam ini mengalami kerusakan sehingga perlu arahan penataan dan
perawatan objek cagar budaya yang berbasis lingkungan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam
penelitian ini adalah studi literatur, survei awal, observasi, foto udara, foto citra satelit, peta
sebaran objek batu nisan, denah hasil arahan, uji sampel lumut kerak di laboratorium, uji
lapangan emulsi minyak atsiri sereh wangi dan minyak kelapa terhadap lumut kerak yang
menempel pada batu nisan, analisis dan hasil arahan. Hasil arahan penataan Ojek Cagar
Budaya Berbasis Lingkungan di Gampong Pande, Kota Banda Aceh untuk rekomendasi
kegiatan pelindungan, pengembangan dan pemanfaatan. Arahan pelindungan pada objek
cagar budaya batu nisan yang berada dalam tambak ikan dan hutan mangrove dengan
membuatkan turap/diwai/ditinggikan lalu memindahkan batu nisan tersebut ke atasnya. Batu nisan yang berserak dipindahkan ke tempat yang lebih aman/kering. Arahan
pengembangan adalah membangun fasilitas pendukung pariwisata seperti jalur pejalan
kaki yang terbuat dari kayu (jembatan keliling), pusat informasi, bale doa, mushalla, kantin, area parkir, tempat sampah, area istirahat, galeri, area makan, label jenis mangrove, papan
petunjuk arah, papan informasi/stori telling dan lain lain. Arahan pemanfaatan dapat
dilakukan untuk kepentingan agama, sosial, pendidikan, ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, kebudayaan, dan pariwisata. Pemanfaatan ini diharapkan dapat menambah kesejahteraan
masyarakat setempat, dengan membuka lapangan pekerjaan seperti usaha warung makan, toko/kios souvenir, jasa pemandu wisata, jasa foto keliling, tukang parkir, petugas
kebersihan, petugas keamanan dan lain lain. Untuk perawatan batu nisan kuno dilakukan
uji coba bahan yang ramah lingkungan yaitu emulsi minyak atsiri sereh wangi, aquades
dan minyak kelapa. Variasi konsentrasi emulsi minyak atsiri sereh wangi dengan aquades
yaitu 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% dan 100% dan minyak kelapa konsentrasi 100%. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perubahan warna secara visual dan mikroskop selama 24
jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam. Hasil pengujian pada enam variasi setelah waktu yang ditentukan
menunjukkan baik uji lapangan maupun laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri
sereh wangi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan lumut kerak sedangkan pada minyak kelapa
tidak efektif. Kata kunci : arahan penataan, objek cagar budaya, lingkungan, batu nisan kuno

ABSTRACT In Gampong Pande there are cultural heritage objects and mangrove forests which were the former ancient port city of the Aceh Darussalam kingdom in the past. After the earthquake and tsunami waves that hit the coast of Banda Aceh City in 2004, the former capital of Aceh Darussalam experienced damage so that it needed guidance on the arrangement and maintenance of environmentally based cultural heritage objects. The methods used in this research were literature studies, initial surveys, observations, aerial photos, satellite images, maps of the distribution of tombstone objects, floor plans, tests of lichen samples in the laboratory, field tests of emulsions of citronella essential oil and coconut oil on lichen attached to tombstones, analysis and results of guidance. Results of directions for the arrangement of environmentally based cultural heritage motorbike taxis in Gampong Pande, Banda Aceh City for recommendations for protection, development and utilization activities. Efforts to protect tombstone cultural heritage objects located in fish ponds and mangrove forests by making plaster/diwai/elevating them and then moving the tombstones onto them. The scattered tombstones were moved to a safer/dry place. Development efforts include building tourism support facilities such as pedestrian paths made of wood (circular bridges), information centers, prayer bales, prayer rooms, canteens, parking areas, rubbish bins, rest areas, galleries, eating areas, mangrove type labels, signage. directions, information boards/story telling and so on. Utilization efforts can be made for religious, social, educational, scientific, technological, cultural and tourism purposes. It is hoped that this utilization will increase the welfare of the local community, by opening up employment opportunities such as food stalls, souvenir shops/kiosks, tour guide services, mobile photo services, parking attendants, cleaners, security officers and others.To care for ancient tombstones, environmentally friendly materials were tested, namely an emulsion of citronella essential oil, distilled water and coconut oil. Variations in the concentration of citronella essential oil emulsion with distilled water are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% and coconut oil concentration is 100%. Observations were made on color changes visually and with a microscope for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Test results on six variations after the specified time showed that both field and laboratory tests showed that citronella essential oil could inhibit the growth of lichens while coconut oil was not effective. Key words: arrangement directions, cultural heritage objects, environment, ancient tombstones