Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris dan subur di dunia, sehingga produktif dalam menghasilkan padi. Proses penggilingan padi menghasilkan beras yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sebagai makanan pokok, namun dibalik itu juga menghasilkan limbah sekam padi dan kemudian dibakar yang dikenal abu sekam padi. Abu sekam padi kaya akan kandungan senyawa SiO2, yaitu 90% hingga 96%, dan bersifat amorf, namun masih banyak yang belum memanfaatkannya, sehingga dapat menjadi bahan alternatif pengisi keramik. Keramik mengalami proses pembentukan berupa pemanasan dan pengeringan dari senyawa berunsur logam dan non logam. Dilakukannya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hasil hubungan karakteristik dari pengujian sifat fisis, mekanik, dan morfologi dari keramik dengan pengisi abu sekam padi. Pentingnya dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan efisiensi ramah lingkungan demi mengurangi limbah sekitar, oleh sebab itu digunakan abu sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi dengan komposisi lolos ayakan 80 hingga 120 mesh sebagai kontrol 0:100, variasi 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 dan 20:80 persen berat %wt. Pengujian berdasarkan SNI-03-4164-1996 untuk sifat fisis berupa densitas, porositas, dan daya serap air, serta sifat mekanik berupa kuat tekan berdasarkan SNI 7275-2008. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan densitas cenderung mengalami penurun seiring bertambahnya variasi komposisi abu sekam padi dari kontrol 0:100 sebesar 1,604% hingga terendah di 20:80 sebesar 1,104%, namun sebaliknya pada pengujian sifat fisis lainnya yang mengalami kenaikan masing-masing 15,02% terendah dan 27,72% tertinggi pada porositas serta 17,74% terendah dan 38,35% tertinggi pada daya serap air. Sedangkan pengujian mekanik, kuat tekan mengalami penurunan di 5:95, namun naik di 10:90, dan terbaik untuk variasi komposisi di 15:85 sebesar 0,314 MPa. Terakhir, dilakukan pengamatan uji morfologi terhadap variasi abu sekam padi, tidak tampak perbedaan secara visual dan ini menunjukkan kehomogenan bahan saat persiapan dan proses pencampuran bahan.

Kata kunci: keramik, tanah liat, abu sekam padi, sifat fisis, sifat mekanik, morfologi

ABSTRACT Indonesia is known as an agricultural and fertile country in the world, so it is productive in producing rice. The rice milling process produces rice consumed by the community as a staple food, but behind that, it also produces rice husk waste which is then burned, known as rice husk ash. Rice husk ash is rich in SiO2 compounds, namely 90% to 96%, and is amorphous, but there are still many who have not used it, so it can be an alternative material for ceramic fillers. Ceramics undergo a formation process in the form of heating and drying from metal and non-metal compounds. This research aimed to obtain the results of the characteristic relationship from testing the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of ceramics with rice husk ash filler. It is important to carry out this research to obtain environmentally friendly efficiency to reduce environmental waste, therefore rice husk ash is used as a filler with a composition that passes a sieve of 80 to 120 mesh as a control 0:100, variations 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80 percent weight %wt. Testing is based on SNI-03-4164-1996 for physical properties in the form of density, porosity, and water absorption, as well as mechanical properties in the form of compressive strength based on SNI 7275-2008. The results obtained showed that the density tended to decrease with increasing variation in the composition of rice husk ash from the control 0:100 of 1.604% to the lowest at 20:80 of 1.104%, but on the other hand, the other physical properties tests increased by 15.02% respectively. lowest and 27.72% highest in porosity and 17.74% lowest and 38.35% highest in water absorption capacity. Meanwhile, for mechanical testing, the compressive strength decreased at 5:95, but increased at 10:90, and the best for composition variations at 15:85 was 0.314 MPa. Finally, morphological tests were observed on variations in rice husk ash, there were no visible differences visually and this shows the homogeneity of the material during the preparation and mixing process. Keywords: ceramics, clay, rice husk ash, physical properties, mechanical properties, morphology