Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Latar belakang: Hiperglikemia yang tidak terkendali pada pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi DM. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah (KGD) pada pasien DM adalah dengan menggunakan terapi ekstrak buah nipah. Buah nipah merupakan salah satu pangan fungsional dengan kandungan zat bioaktif yang dapat menurunkan KGD melalui degenerasi sel beta pankreas, perlambatan penyerapan glukosa di usus halus, serta meningkatkan translokasi GLUT-4. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek pemberian ekstrak buah nipah terhadap KGD puasa, HbA1c, insulin dan GLUT-4 pada tikus yang diinduksi DM. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorik secara invivo, menggunakan sampel tikus rattus novergicus galur Wistar sejumlah 30 sampel yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok utama: kelompok normal (KN), kelompok normal+ ekstrak (KP), kelompok DM (P1), kelompok DM+ekstrak (P2), kelompok DM+metformin (P3), kelompok DM+ekstrak+metformin (P4). Untuk membuat hiperglikemia, tikus diinjeksi STZ dosis 40 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak buah nipah diberikan sebesar 500 mg/kgBB selama 1 bulan. Setelah itu dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah puasa, HbA1c, insulin dan GLUT-4 dengan menggunakan kit Elisa rat. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik one way anova, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil: Ekstrak buah nipah mengandung polifenol, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, alkaloid dan flavonoid, total flavonoid sebesar 56,85 % QE, total fenolik sebesar 29,27 % GAE dan total tanin sebesar 11,10 mg AT/g. Senyawa kimia berdasarkan pemeriksaan GC-MS dalam ekstrak buah nipah adalah Ammonium acetate, 2,3-Butanediol (CAS) Butane-2,3-diol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy,5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (CAS) Li. Setelah pemberian ekstrak buah nipah selama 1 bulan didapatkan rata-rata KGD puasa tikus KN= 96,80 mg/dL, KP = 98,40 mg/dL, P1=384,80 mg/dL, P2 =180,20 mg/dL, P3 = 194,00 mg/dL dan P4 = 150,60 mg/dL. Rata-rata kadar HbA1c pada kelompok KN =8,88 ng/mL, Kp = 10,10 ng/mL. P1 = 9,74 ng/mL, P2 =9,08 ng/mL, P3 = 8,86 ng/mL, P4 = 9,21 ng/mL. Rata-rata kadar insulin pada kelompok KN = 3,93 mIU/L, KP = 4,44 mIU/L, P1 = 3,24 mIU/L, P2 = 4,52 mIU/L, P3 = 4,59 mIU/L dan P4 = 5,15 mIU/L. Sedangkan rata-rata GLUT-4 pada kelompok KN = 8,36 ng/mL, KP= 9,12 ng/mL, P1 = 8,53 ng/mL, P2 = 9,28 ng/mL, P3= 9,19 ng/mL, dan P4 = 9,32 ng/mL. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak buah nipah secara signifikan berbeda nyata terhadap penurunan KGD puasa dan peningkatan kadar insulin, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kenaikan kadar GLUT-4 dan penurunan kadar HbA1c.
Kata kunci : Nypa frutican Wurmb, kadar gula darah, HbA1c, GLUT-4 dan insulin

Background: Uncontrolled hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can develop into complications of DM. One of the efforts that can be made in reducing blood sugar levels in patients DM is through nipah or Nypa fruticans Wurmb fruit extract therapy. Nipah fruit is a functional food containing bioactive substances that can reduce blood sugar levels by causing degeneration of pancreatic beta cells, slowing glucose absorption in the small intestine, and increasing GLUT-4 translocation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nipah fruit extract on fasting blood sugar levels, HbA1c, insulin levels, and GLUT-4 levels in the rats with the induction of diabetes. Methods: This study used an in vivo laboratory experimental method, using a sample of Rattus novergicus Wistar rats with a total of 30 samples divided into 6 main groups: normal group (KN), normal + extract group (KP), DM group (P1), DM + extract group (P2), DM+metformin group (P3), and DM + extract + metformin group (P4). To create hyperglycemia, rats were injected with STZ at a dose of 40 mg/kg BW. Nipah fruit extract was given at 500 mg/kg for 1 month. The fasting blood sugar levels, HbA1c, insulin levels, and GLUT-4 levels were examined using the Elisa rat kit. The data were then analyzed using the one-way ANOVA statistical test, and continued with the LSD test. Results: Nipah fruit extract contains polyphenols, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. The exact amount is 56.85% QE of flavonoids, 29.27% GAE of phenolics, and 11.10 mg AT/g of tannins. The chemical compounds that are found in nipah fruit extract, according to the GC-MS examination, are Ammonium acetate, 2,3-Butanediol (CAS), Butane-2,3-diol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy,5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (CAS) Li. After administering nipah fruit extract for 1 month, it was found that the average fasting blood sugar levels of the rats in the KN group = 96.80 mg/dL, in the KP group = 98.40 mg/dL, in the P1 group = 384.80 mg/dL, in the P2 group = 180.20 mg/dL, in the P3 group = 194.00 mg/dL and in the P4 group = 150.60 mg/dL. Moreover, it was also found that the average HbA1c level in the group of KN = 8.88 ng/mL, KP = 10.10 ng/mL. P1 = 9.74 ng/mL, P2 = 9.08 ng/mL, P3 = 8.86 ng/mL, and P4 = 9.21 ng/mL. Furthermore, it was indicated that average insulin level in the KN group = 3.93mIU/L, KP = 4.44 mIU/L, P1 = 3.24 mIU/L, P2 = 4.52 mIU/L, P3 = 4.59 mIU/L and P4 = 5.15 mIU/L. Meanwhile, the results also showed that the average GLUT-4 in the group of KN = 8.36 ng/mL, KP= 9.12 ng/mL, P1 = 8.53 ng/mL, P2 = 9.28 ng/mL, P3= 9.19 ng/mL, and P4 = 9.32 ng/mL. Conclusion: The use of nipah fruit extract showed a significant difference in reducing fasting blood sugar levels and increasing insulin but did not show a significant difference in increasing GLUT-4 and reducing HbA1c levels. Keywords: Nypa frutican Wurmb, blood sugar level, HbA1c, GLUT-4 and insulin