Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ulkus gaster merupakan kelainan terbanyak pada saluran cerna bagian atas yang disebabkan imbalans faktor agresif dan faktor protektif, termasuk aspirin. C. odorata Linn memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui metabolit sekunder, aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan logam berat, dan mekanisme penyembuhan ulkus gaster dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol daun C. odorata Linn melalui evaluasi indeks ulkus, integritas mukosa gaster, ekspresi hsp 70, iNOS, IL-1ß dan TNF-a mukosa gaster tikus Wistar dengan ulkus gaster terinduksi aspirin. Karakterisasi fitokimia didapatkan flavonoid, terpenoid, fenolik dan steroid yang lebih tinggi pada ekstrak etanol daun C. odorata Linn kawasan geotermal, demikian pula dengan aktifitas antioksidan. Spektrum FTIR tidak menunjukkan perbedaan kandungan gugus fungsi yang signifikan. Analisa GCMS menyatakan kesamaan metabolit sekunder diantaranya squalene, asam heksadekanoat dan phytol namun berbeda kemiripannya antara ekstrak etanol daun C. odorata Linn kawasan geotermal dan non geotermal. Penggunaan instrumen AAS dan GF-AAS untuk menganalisis logam berat ekstrak etanol C. odorata Linn menunjukkan Pb pada semua kawasan geotermal Ie Jue (IJ), Ie Brouk (IB) dan Ie Suum (IS), sedangkan Hg tidak ditemukan pada kawasan tersebut, As hanya di IJ serta Cd pada IJ dan IB. Logam As dan Hg tidak ditemukan di IS sedangkan Pb dan Cd pada kadar yang diperbolehkan. Berdasarkan data di atas maka dilakukan pengujian dengan tikus wistar terinduksi aspirin yang terbagi lima kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (plasebo), kontrol positif (omeprazol 20 mg/kgBB), tiga kelompok perlakuan menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun C. odorata Linn kawasan geotermal (100, 200 dan 400 mg/KgBB). Didapatkan indeks ulkus berbeda signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol negatif namun tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada integritas mukosa lambung. Terjadi penurunan signifikan kadar IL- 1ß dan iNOS mukosa gaster seiring dengan perbaikan ulkus gaster namun tidak demikian halnya dengan kadar TNF-a dan HSP 70. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi perbaikan ulkus gaster pada tikus wistar yang terinduksi aspirin dengan penggunaan ekstrak etanol daun C. odorata Linn terjadi melalui jalur antioksidan dan antiinflamasi.

Gastric ulcers are the most common disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract caused by aggressive factors and protective factors, including aspirin. C. odorata Linn has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the research was to determine secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity, heavy metal content, and the mechanism of gastric ulcer healing by administering ethanol extract of C. odorata Linn leaves through evaluation of ulcer index, gastric mucosal integrity, expression of hsp 70, iNOS, IL-1ß and TNF-a gastric mucosa of Wistar rats with aspirin-induced gastric ulcers. Phytochemical characterization showed that flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics and steroids were higher in the ethanol extract of C. odorata Linn leaves in geothermal areas, as well as antioxidant activity. The FTIR spectrum did not show significant differences in functional group content. GCMS analysis revealed similarities in secondary metabolites including squalene, hexadecanoic acid and phytol but differences in similarities between the ethanol extract of C. odorata Linn leaves from geothermal and non-geothermal areas. The use of AAS and GF-AAS instruments to analyze heavy metals from the ethanol extract of C. odorata Linn showed Pb in all geothermal areas Ie Jue (IJ), Ie Brouk (IB) and Ie Suum (IS), while Hg was not found in these areas, As only in IJ and Cd in IJ and IB. The metals As and Hg were not found in IS while Pb and Cd were at permitted levels. Based on the data above, tests were carried out with aspirin-induced Wistar rats which were divided into five groups, namely negative control (placebo), positive control (omeprazole 20 mg/kgBW), three treatment groups using ethanol extract of C. odorata Linn leaves in the geothermal area (100, 200 and 400 mg/KgBW). It was found that the ulcer index was significantly different between the treatment and negative control groups but there was no significant difference in the integrity of the gastric mucosa. There was a significant decrease in the levels of IL-1ß and iNOS in the gastric mucosa along with improvement in gastric ulcers, but this was not the case with the levels of TNF-a and HSP 70. It can be concluded that there was improvement in gastric ulcers in Wistar rats induced by aspirin by using ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves. Linn occurs through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.