Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Rhizophora mucronata merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakterial. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakterial ekstrak metanol daun R. mucronata dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus mutans) dan Gram negatif (Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ekstraksi daun R. mucronata dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Simplisia dan ekstrak daun R. mucronata dilakukan karakterisasi, uji fitokimia, analisis GC-MS dan pengujian aktivitas antibakterial menggunakan metode sumuran. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan, yaitu 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%. Simplisia daun R. mucronata mengandung kadar air sebesar 2,03%; kadar sari larut air sebesar 33,08%; kadar sari larut etanol sebesar 33,5%; dan kadar abu total sebesar 12,92%. Ekstrak metanol daun R. mucronata mengandung kadar air sebesar 17,97%; kadar sari larut air sebesar 56,25%; kadar sari larut etanol sebesar 68,58%; dan kadar abu total sebesar 18,7%. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun R. mucronata mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun R. mucronata mengandung 21 senyawa dengan 5 senyawa terbanyak, yaitu lupeol (25.84%), ß-amyrin (21.15%), ß-sitosterol (10.46%), 2-pentene, 4,4-dimethyl- (4.51%), dan phytol (3.40%). Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakterial terhadap bakteri S. aureus, S. mutans, dan P. aeruginosa menghasilkan diameter zona hambat terbesar berturut-turut yaitu 13,26 mm; 14,06 mm; dan 12,33 mm. Sedangkan, hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakterial terhadap bakteri E. coli tidak menghasilkan zona hambat. Ekstrak metanol daun R. mucronata memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat bakteri S. aureus, S. mutans, dan P. aeruginosa, tetapi tidak terhadap bakteri E. coli.

Kata kunci: Daun mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rhizophora mucronata is a plant that is known to have antibacterial activity. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Extraction of R. mucronata leaves was carried out by maceration method using methanol solvent. Simplisia and extract of R. mucronata leaf were characterized, phytochemical tests, GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity tested using the well method. Variations in the concentration of the extract used, namely 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. R. mucronata leaf simplisia contains a water content of 2.03%; water soluble essence content of 33.08%; ethanol soluble essence content of 33.5%; and total ash content of 12.92%. The methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves contains a water content of 17.97%; water soluble essence content of 56.25%; ethanol soluble essence content of 68.58%; and total ash content of 18.7%. Phytochemical tests showed that the methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves contained 21 compounds with 5 compounds being the most abundant, namely lupeol (25.84%), ß-amyrin (21.15%), ß-sitosterol (10.46%), 2-pentene, 4,4- dimethyl- (4.51%), and phytol (3.40%). The results of testing the antibacterial activity of S. aureus, S. mutans, and P. aeruginosa bacteria produced the largest inhibition zone diameters, respectively, 13.26 mm; 14.06mm; and 12.33 mm. Meanwhile, the results of testing the antibacterial activity of E. coli bacteria did not produce an inhibition zone. Methanol extract of R. mucronata leaves has the ability to inhibit S. aureus, S. mutans, and P. aeruginosa bacteria, but not against E. coli bacteria. Keywords: Mangrove leaves, Rhizophora mucronata, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa