Electronic Theses and Dissertation

ABSTRAK

ANALISIS INTEGRASI DAN TRANSMISI HARGA ASIMETRIS
PADA PASAR BERAS DI PROVINSI ACEH

Oleh : AGUSTINA ARIDA
NPM : 1409300010002

Promotor : Prof. Dr. Raja Masbar, M.Sc
Ko-Promotor : Prof. Dr. M.Shabri, SE., M.Ec
Ko-Promotor : Dr. Ir. Indra, M.P.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena disparitas harga beras antara tingkat produsen, huller dan harga pada tingkat konsumen di Aceh yang semakin melebar. Serta adanya isu gabah yang di bawa keluar daerah Aceh sehingga Aceh terjadi kelangkaan beras. Padahal, sebagai daerah yang swasembada beras, pasar beras seharusnya efisien yang digambarkan adanya integrasi harga dan transmisi harga yang simetris.
Penelitian ini menganalisis integrasi dan transmisi harga vertikal dan spasial pada pasar beras di Provinsi Aceh. Transmisi harga vertikal menganalisis pasar beras dari hulu ke hilir di Provinsi Aceh, yaitu transmisi harga gabah di tingkat petani, harga gabah di tingkat huller dan harga beras di tingkat konsumen. Transmisi spasial menganalisis transmisi harga beras di tingkat konsumen di Provinsi Aceh dan harga beras di tingkat konsumen di Provinsi Sumatera Utara.
Penelitian ini menggunakan data bulanan berupa data harga Gabah Kering Panen (GKP) di tingkat petani, GKP di tingkat penggilingan padi (huller), dan harga beras eceran jenis medium dan premium di Provinsi Aceh dan Provinsi Sumatera Utara, pada periode Januari 2009 hingga Desember 2019. Data tersebut diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.
Dengan menggunakan Error Correction Model (ECM), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pasar beras di hulu dan hilir di Aceh adalah terkointegrasi. Secara vertikal, transmisi harga yang terjadi di sepanjang rantai distribusi beras dalam jangka pendek adalah asimetris atau Asymmetric Price Transmission (APT). Dalam jangka panjang, hanya harga gabah di tingkat huller ditransmisikan secara asimetris ke harga beras kualitas premium di tingkat konsumen. APT negatif ditemukan dari huller ke beras konsumen. APT positif ditemukan dari petani ke konsumen beras di Aceh. Penyebab terjadinya APT jangka pendek pada pasar gabah- beras di Aceh dipengaruhi oleh prilaku pedagang, HPP gabah dan beras yang jauh dari harga pasar di Aceh, serta rendahnya kapasitas petani dan huller dalam penanganan pasca panen.
Secara spasial, ada integrasi harga beras di tingkat konsumen di Aceh dan Sumut. Transmisi harga yang terjadi di antara ke dua pasar tersebut adalah asimetris dalam jangka pendek namun simetris dalam jangka panjang, kecuali pada pasar beras kualitas premium yang simetris dalam dalam jangka pendek maupun dalam jangka panjang.
Kepada Pemda diharapkan membuat regulasi, meninjau kembali kapasitas huller rakyat. Memberikan penguatan modal guna membangun lantai jemur dan dryer yang modern.

Kata Kunci : APT, Harga, Beras, Aceh.

ABSTRACT INTEGRATION AND ASYMMETRIC PRICE TRANSMISSION ANALYSIS OF THE RICE MARKET IN ACEH PROVINCE Oleh : AGUSTINA ARIDA NPM : 1409300010002 Promotor : Prof. Dr. Raja Masbar, M.Sc Co-Promotor : Prof. Dr. M.Shabri, SE., M.Ec Co-Promotor : Dr. Ir. Indra, M.P. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of rice price disparities between the producer level, hullers (as intermediary traders) and prices at the consumer level in Aceh which are increasingly widening. As well as the issue of grain being brought out of the Aceh area so that Aceh has a shortage of rice. In fact, as a rice self-sufficient area, the rice market should be efficient, which is described as the integration of prices and symmetrical price transmission. This study analyzes the integration and transmission of vertical and spatial prices in the rice market in Aceh Province. Vertical price transmission analyzes the rice market from upstream to downstream in Aceh Province, namely the transmission of grain prices at the farmer level, grain prices at the huller level and rice prices at the consumer level. Spatial Transmission analyzes the transmission of rice prices at the consumer level in Aceh Province and rice prices at the consumer level in North Sumatera Province. This study used monthly data in the form of data on the price of Dry Harvested Grain (GKP) at the farmer level, GKP at the rice milling level (huller), and retail rice prices of medium and premium types in Aceh Province and North Sumatera Province, in the period January 2009 to December 2019. The data was obtained from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. Using the Error Correction Model (ECM), this research finds that the upstream and downstream rice markets in Aceh are cointegrated. Vertically, price transmission that occurs along the rice distribution chain in the short term is asymmetric (APT). In the long run, only grain prices at the huller level are transmitted asymmetrically to premium quality rice prices at the consumer level. Negative APT was found from the huller to consumer rice. Positive APT was found from farmers to rice consumers in Aceh. The causes of short-term APT in the grain-rice market in Aceh are influenced by the behavior of traders, the HPP of grain and rice which is far from market prices in Aceh, as well as the low capacity of farmers and hullers in post-harvest handling. Spatially, there is an integration of rice prices at the consumer level in Aceh and North Sumatera. The price transmission that occurs between the two markets is asymmetrical in the short term but symmetrical in the long term, except in the premium quality rice market which is symmetrical in the short term as well as in the long term. It is hoped that the local government will make regulations and review the huller capacity of the people. Providing capital reinforcement to build modern drying floors and dryers. Key Words : APT, Price, Rice, Aceh.