Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tumbuhan sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) merupakan tumbuhan obat potensial yang terbukti secara empiris berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen kimia hasil ekstraksi dan partisi ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) asal Aceh Jaya dan Aceh Besar yang kemudian diidentifikasi menggunakan metode skrining fitokimia, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), dan Gas Chromatoghraphy-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) asal Aceh Jaya mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, ekstrak metanol hasil partisi mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, ekstrak etil asetat mengandung flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, dan ekstrak n-heksana tidak mengandung metabolit sekunder. Sedangkan hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) asal Aceh Besar mengandung flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, ekstrak metanol hasil partisi mengandung flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, ekstrak etil asetat mengandung mengandung flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, dan ekstrak n-heksana mengandung steroid. Kedua ekstrak metanol umbi ini memenuhi parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik simplisia dan ekstrak. Hasil Analisis GC-MS menyatakan bahwa ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut asal Aceh Jaya mengandung senyawa utama 2H-Oxecin-2-one, 3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-methyl-,[4S-(4R*,5E,10S*)]- 50,63%. Sementara ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol hasil partisi berturut-turut mengandung (Z)-18-Octadec-9-enolide 18,73%, 1,6-Dihydroxy-8(10)-p-menthen-2-one 44,39%, cis-Vaccenic acid 44,42%. Hasil Analisis GC-MS ekstrak metanol umbi sarang semut asal Aceh Besar mengandung senyawa utama resorcinol 17.92%. Sementara ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat,dan metanol hasil partisi berturut-turut mengandung stigmasterol 19.22%, ethanol, 2-butoxy- 36.42%, 2(5H)-Furanone 27.20%. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan hasil spektrum FT-IR ekstrak metanol, n-heksana, etil asetat umbi sarang semut Aceh Jaya mengandung gugus O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkena, C=C aromatik, dan ekstrak metanol hasil partisi mengandung gugus O-H, C-H, C=C alkena, C=C aromatik. Ekstrak metanol, n-heksana, etil asetat, dan ekstrak metanol hasil partisi umbi sarang semut Aceh Besar mengandung gugus O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkena, C=C aromatik. Berdasarkan analisis kimia yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa umbi sarang semut Aceh memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai bahan baku obat.

Kata Kunci: sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.), metabolit sekunder, tumbuhan obat, ekstrak metanol, GC-MS, spektroskopi

The ant nest plant (Myrmecodia sp.) is a potential medicinal plant which has been proven empirically to be efficacious in curing various diseases. This study aims to identify the chemical components extracted and partitioned from the methanol extract of ant nests (Myrmecodia sp.) from Aceh Jaya and Aceh Besar which were then identified using the phytochemical screening method, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass. Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the methanol extract of ant nests (Myrmecodia sp.) from Aceh Jaya contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids. and n-hexane extract did not contain secondary metabolites. While the results of the phytochemical screening of methanol extract of ant nest tubers (Myrmecodia sp.) from Aceh Besar contain flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, the methanol extract of partition results contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and n- hexane contains steroids. The two tuber methanol extracts met the specific and non-specific parameters of simplicia and extract. The results of the GC-MS analysis stated that the methanol extract of ant nest tubers from Aceh Jaya contained the main compound 2H-Oxecin-2-one, 3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4-hydroxy-10-methyl-,[ 4S-(4R*,5E,10S*)]- 50.63%. While the partitioned n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts contained (Z)-18-Octadec-9-enolide 18.73%, 1,6-Dihydroxy-8(10)-p-menthen-2- one 44.39%, cis-Vaccenic acid 44.42%. GC-MS Analysis Results of methanol extract of ant nest bulbs from Aceh Besar contains the main compound resorcinol 17.92%. While the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the partition results respectively contained 19.22% stigmasterol, ethanol, 2-butoxy-36.42%, 2(5H)-Furanone 27.20%. The results of the FT-IR analysis showed that the results of the FT-IR spectrum of methanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate of the Aceh Jaya ant nest tubers contained O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, aromatic C=C groups, and partitioned methanol extract. contains O-H, C-H, C=C alkene groups, C=C aromatic groups. Methanol extract, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract from Aceh Besar ant nest tuber partitions contain O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C alkene, C=C aromatic groups. Based on the chemical analysis conducted, it is known that the tuber of the Aceh ant nest has good potential as a raw material for medicine. Keywords: ant nests plant (Myrmecodia sp.), secondary metabolites, medicinal plants, methanol extract, GC-MS, spectroscopy