Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Diare adalah kondisi buang air besar tidak normal dengan konsistensi lembek atau cair. Diare terkait antibiotik paling sering terjadi pada lansia karena penggunaan antibiotik yang ekstensif. Probiotik adalah mikroorganisme vital yang mendukung flora usus dan mengurangi kolonisasi bakteri pada dinding usus. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitas, jenis, dan dosis probiotik yang diberikan terhadap kejadian diare pada lansia. Systematic Review dengan Meta Analysis dilakukan menggunakan mesin pencari Pubmed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar. Tujuh literatur dengan 2.087 peserta dimasukkan dalam tinjauan sistematis yang akan dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan software Review Manager version 5. Selain analisis kuantitatif, tujuh literatur tersebut akan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Meta analisis dilakukan untuk hasil utama yaitu kejadian diare. Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan penggunaan probiotik dapat mengurangi risiko diare terkait antibiotik 0,53 kali dibandingkan dengan pemberian plasebo, secara statistik signifikan (OR 0,53; CI 95% 0,29 hingga 0,98; I2 = 70%). Hasil analisis kualitatif menunjukkan jenis probiotik yang diberikan adalah genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, dan Streptococcus dengan durasi konsumsi bervariasi, mulai dari 3 hari hingga maksimal 4 minggu, dosis probiotik yang diberikan juga bervariasi berkisar dari minimal 1,0 × 10⁶ CFU hingga dosis maksimum 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU. Kesimpulan, pemberian probiotik lebih efektif dibandingkan plasebo dalam mengurangi risiko diare terkait antibiotik pada lansia.
Kata kunci: Meta analysis, probiotik, diare, lanjut usia.

Diarrhea is a condition of abnormal bowel movements with a mushy or liquid consistency. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is most common in the elderly due to extensive antibiotic use. Probiotics are vital microorganisms that support the intestinal flora and reduce bacterial colonization of the intestinal wall. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness, type, and dose of probiotics given to the incidence of diarrhea in the elderly. Systematic Review with Meta Analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines. Seven literatures with 2,087 participants were included in the systematic review which will be analyzed quantitatively using Review Manager version 5 software. In addition to the quantitative analysis, the seven literatures will be analyzed qualitatively. Meta-analysis was conducted for the primary outcome of diarrhea incidence. The results of the quantitative analysis showed the use of probiotics could reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea 0,53 times compared with placebo administration, which was statistically significant (OR 0,53; 95% CI 0,29 to 0,98; I2 = 70%). The results of qualitative analysis showed that the types of probiotics given were the genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus with varying duration of consumption, ranging from 3 days to a maximum of 4 weeks, the dose of probiotics given also varied ranging from a minimum of 1.0 × 10⁶ CFU to a maximum dose of 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU. In conclusion, probiotic administration is more effective than placebo in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the elderly. Keywords: Meta analysis, probiotic, diarrhea, elderly.