Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Peningkatan jumlah lansia berpengaruh pada permasalah kesehatan yang dialami
lansia salah satunya hipertensi yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi salah satunya
penurunan pada fungsi kognitif. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi kesehatan mental:
cemas, stres dan depresi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana fungsi
kognitif dan kesehatan mental pada lansia dengan hipertensi di Kota Banda Aceh.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif eksploratif dengan menggunakan
pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 2001 lansia di
wilayah Kecamatan Syiah Kuala dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah lansia dengan
hipertensi di Kecamatan Syiah Kuala berjumlah 200 orang menggunakan teknik
purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara terpimpin
menggunakan kuesioner yaitu Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination
(SLUMS) dan kuesioner General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Hasil
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa fungsi kognitif pada lansia dengan riwayat
pendidikan menengah dan atas berada pada kategori gangguan kognitif ringan
berjumlah 73 orang (56.2%), sedangkan lansia dengan riwayat pendidikan rendah
banyak mengalami demensia sebanyak 49 orang (70%). Kesehatan mental lansia
dengan hipertensi berada pada kategori tekanan psikologi rendah yaitu 170 orang
(85%) yang berarti kesehatan mental lansia sangat baik. Terdapat beberapa cara
untuk mempertahankan fungsi kognitif dan kesehatan mental pada lansia dengan
hipertensi: melakukan pengecekan kesehatan setiap bulannya di posbindu, mengikuti
senam lansia yang diadakan di desa, mengikuti pengajian bersama ibu-ibu lainnya,
serta dukungan keluarga yang diberikan pada lansia. Diharapkan penelitian ini
menjadi tolak ukur bagi tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam dan
Puskesmas Jeulingke untuk memperhatikan adanya penurunan fungsi kognitif dan
kesehatan mental pada lansia dengan hipertensi.

Hypertension is a health problem that is often experienced by the elderly and is associated with the aging process that occurs in the body. Blood pressure rises along with aging, and elderly with hypertension are still at risk of developing more severe disease complications, even though aging is a natural part of life. Numerous studies show a relationship between elevated blood pressure and a decline in cognitive abilities, including general cognition, memory, and processing speed. Although there are many reasons why people become mentally unwell, scientists have shown that there is a biological basis for mental illness, which can be seen by changes in the brain's structure, chemistry, and function. If our brain is functioning differently, then our cognition will be affected, and if our cognitive functions are impaired, then maintaining mental health will be more challenging. The purpose of this study was to discover the level of cognitive function and mental health of the elderly with hypertension in Banda Aceh City. This study uses a descriptive exploratory design with a cross-sectional study approach. As many as 200 elderly with hypertension in the Syiah Kuala District were sampled in this study, and they were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. This research used two questionnaires: the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS) to measure cognitive function and the General Health Questionnaire12 (GHQ-12) to measure mental health. The results of this study indicate that cognitive function in the elderly with education levels at the secondary and tertiary levels is in the category of mild cognitive impairment (56.2%), and in the elderly with low education levels, 70% of them experience dementia. The mental health of the elderly with hypertension is in the category of low psychological pressure (85%), which means that the mental health of the elderly is very good. There are several ways to maintain cognitive function and mental health in the elderly with hypertension, including carrying out monthly health checks, routinely doing exercises, maintaining social interaction by participating in group activities, and, no less important, receiving support from family. It is hoped that this research will become a benchmark for health workers at the Kopelma Darussalam Health Center and the Jeulingke Health Center to pay attention to the decline in cognitive function and mental health in the elderly with hypertension.