Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Produktivitas perikanan laut gelobal akan semakin menurun dikarenakan perubahan iklim yang mengubah kondisi oseanografi perikanan disuatu perairan terkhususnya Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL). Ikan plagis besar yaitu yellowfin tuna menjadi salah satu hasil tangkapan yang sangat penting didalam sektor perikanan dan Aceh menduduki peringkat pertama pada tahun 2017 dengan hasil tangkapan tuna paling banyak berdasarkan komoditas utamanya. SPL yang semakin ekstrim akan berdampak terhadap komposisi dan distribusi perikanan tangkapan, dikarenakn iklim berpengaruh terhadap migrasi ikan tuna pada suatu perairan. Nelayan di perairan Utara Aceh masih menggunakan cara tradisional dengan melihat keberadaa lumba lumba sebagai indikator daerah keberadaan ikan tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar dapat memberikan informasi sebaran fishing ground (FG) ikan yellowfin tuna di perairan Utara Aceh dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh nelayan kecil dan stakeholders untuk memitigasi dampak perubahan iklim. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa lokasi tangkapan dengan menggunakan alat Global Positioning System (GPS) dan data sekunder berupa data SPL, tinggi gelombang, Nino3.4 dan Dipole Mode Index (DMI). Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu korelasi pearson, regresi linier sederhana, dan Generalized Additive Model (GAM) dan data tersebut divalidasi dengan melakukan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Lokasi FG di perairan Utara Aceh mengalami pergeseran semakin menjauh dari lepas pantai dibandingkan dengan 10 dan 20 tahun yang lalu. Rata rata SPL pada WPP 571 dan 571 berkisar antara 28.3℃ - 30.16℃ dan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0.0013℃ setiap bulannya. Fenomena El Nino dan DMI positif berdampak pada penurunan nilai SPL di perairan Utara Aceh yang disertai dengan gelombang tinggi. Fenomena La Nina dan DMI negatif berdampak pada peningkatan nilai SPL, namun gelombang cenderung lebih rendah dan berdampak pada rendahnya hasil tangkapan. Analisis statistik menunjukkan, Nino3.4 dan tinggi gelombang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan yellowfin tuna di WPP 571 dan WPP 572 SPL.

Kata Kunci : Perairan Utara Aceh, yellowfin tuna, GPS, fishing ground, DMI dan GAM

Climate change has negatively impacted fisheries resources through the significant change in oceanographic and climatology conditions. Extreme events of high sea surface temperature (SST) have been known to havoc on the composition and distribution of fisheries resources such as yellowfin tuna (yft). Yft has been marked as the top fisheries product at Aceh which has high economic value. Although yft has a high economic value, the traditional local fishermen catch this fish by only using their local knowledge and natural sign and climate change have made a complicated situation for them. This study aims to provide information on the distribution of yellowfin tuna fishing grounds (FG) in the northern waters of Aceh which is also within the Fisheries Management Areas (FMA) of 571 and 572, thus could provide important information that can be used by the stakeholder to mitigate the impact of climate change. The collected data, which includes fishing ground location retrieved through analyzing fishermen's boat track through GPS devices was performed, and other data such as SST data, wave height, Nino3.4, and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) were also analyzed. Statistical analysis which includes, Pearson Correlation, simple linear regression, and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) were used to understand the relationship between the oceanographic properties, climate indices, and fisheries resources (yft). The FG locations and the relationship resulting from the statistical analysis were then validated through the interview at 6 study sites along the northern coast of Aceh. The results indicate that the location of FG in the northern waters of Aceh has shifted further away from the coast compared to 10, and 20 years ago. The average SST at FMAs 571 and 572 ranged between 28.3℃ - 30.16℃, with an increment of 0.0013℃ every month. The climate indices such as El Nino and positive DMI events, affect to lowering of the SST and are accompanied by high waves. While, on the La Nina and negative DMI events, the SST tends to increase, accompanied by a low wave giving a low season for yft at this water. It is concluded that the Nino event and wave height had a significant effect on the catch of yft at FMAs 571 and 572. Keywords: North Aceh Waters, yellowfin tuna, GPS, fishing ground, DMI dan GAM