Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Sapi aceh merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah indonesia yang telah ditetapkan sebagai rumpun ternak lokal dan memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik terhadap lingkungan tropis. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (pit-1) pada sapi aceh sebagai kandidat marka molekuler dalam seleksi calon bibit di bptu-hpt indrapuri. gen pit-1 diketahui berperan dalam regulasi hormon pertumbuhan dan prolaktin yang berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan potensi produksi ternak, sehingga keragamannya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar dalam program pemuliaan berbasis marka molekuler. penelitian dilaksanakan pada april–juni 2026 di bptu-hpt indrapuri dan laboratorium pusat inovasi teknologi veteriner universitas syiah kuala menggunakan 20 sampel darah sapi aceh yang terdiri atas 10 ekor jantan dan 10 ekor betina. dna genom diisolasi menggunakan kit isolasi dna komersial, kemudian diamplifikasi dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (pcr) menggunakan primer spesifik gen pit-1 yang menghasilkan fragmen target sepanjang 451 bp. produk pcr selanjutnya dipotong menggunakan enzim restriksi hinfi dan dianalisis dengan metode pcr-rflp melalui elektroforesis gel agarosa. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (pit-1) pada sapi aceh bersifat polimorfik. berdasarkan analisis pcr-rflp menggunakan enzim restriksi hinfi terhadap 20 sampel sapi aceh, diperoleh tiga individu bergenotipe ab (15%) dan tujuh belas individu bergenotipe bb (85%), sedangkan genotipe aa tidak ditemukan. frekuensi alel a dan alel b masing-masing sebesar 0,075 dan 0,925, yang menunjukkan bahwa alel b merupakan alel dominan pada populasi sapi aceh di bptu-hpt indrapuri. hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar mengenai keragaman gen pit-1 yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan program pemuliaan berbasis marka molekuler (marker-assisted selection) serta mendukung upaya konservasi dan peningkatan mutu genetik sapi aceh. berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil analisis pcr-rflp menggunakan enzim restriksi hinfi, gen pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (pit-1) pada populasi sapi aceh di bptu-hpt indrapuri menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik (polimorfisme). dari 20 ekor sapi aceh yang dianalisis, diperoleh distribusi genotipe sebanyak 17 ekor bergenotipe bb (85%), 3 ekor bergenotipe ab (15%), dan tidak ditemukan genotipe aa (0%). frekuensi alel yang diperoleh adalah 0,075 untuk alel a dan 0,925 untuk alel b, yang menunjukkan bahwa alel b merupakan alel dominan pada lokus pit-1/hinfi dalam populasi sapi aceh yang diteliti. meskipun alel b mendominasi, keberadaan genotipe heterozigot ab menunjukkan bahwa lokus pit-1/hinfi masih bersifat polimorfik dengan tingkat keragaman genetik yang relatif rendah.

Aceh cattle are a type of Indonesian germplasm that has been designated as a local livestock breed and exhibits good adaptation to tropical environments. This study aims to identify the diversity of the pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) gene in Aceh cattle as a candidate molecular marker for breeding candidate selection at the Indrapuri BPTU-HPT. The Pit-1 gene is known to play a role in the regulation of growth hormone and prolactin, which are related to growth, development, and production potential of livestock. Therefore, its diversity can be utilized as the basis for molecular marker-based breeding programs. The study was conducted from April–June 2026 at the Indrapuri BPTU-HPT and the Veterinary Technology Innovation Center Laboratory of Syiah Kuala University using 20 Aceh cattle blood samples, consisting of 10 males and 10 females. Genomic DNA was isolated using a commercial DNA isolation kit and then amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using Pit-1 gene-specific primers, resulting in a 451-bp target fragment. The PCR product was then digested using the HinfI restriction enzyme and analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method via agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) gene in Aceh cattle is polymorphic. Based on PCR-RFLP analysis using the HinfI restriction enzyme on 20 Aceh cattle samples, three individuals with the AB genotype (15%) and seventeen individuals with the BB genotype (85%) were found, while the AA genotype was not found. The frequencies of the A and B alleles were 0.075 and 0.925, respectively, indicating that the B allele is the dominant allele in the Aceh cattle population at the BPTU-HPT Indrapuri. The results of this study provide basic information regarding the diversity of the Pit-1 gene that can be utilized in the development of molecular marker-assisted selection programs and support efforts to conserve and improve the genetic quality of Aceh cattle. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the results of PCR-RFLP analysis using the HinfI restriction enzyme, the pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) gene in the Aceh cattle population at BPTU-HPT Indrapuri showed genetic diversity (polymorphism). Of the 20 Aceh cattle analyzed, the genotype distribution was obtained as many as 17 heads with the BB genotype (85%), 3 heads with the AB genotype (15%), and no AA genotype was found (0%). The allele frequencies obtained were 0.075 for the A allele and 0.925 for the B allele, which indicates that the B allele is the dominant allele at the Pit-1/HinfI locus in the Aceh cattle population studied. Although the B allele dominates, the presence of the AB heterozygous genotype indicates that the Pit-1/HinfI locus is still polymorphic with a relatively low level of genetic diversity.