Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Awak kapal perikanan merupakan elemen utama dalam kegiatan perikanan tangkap yang berperan langsung dalam proses produksi hasil perikanan, mulai dari penangkapan hingga penanganan hasil tangkapan di atas kapal. secara konseptual, awak kapal perikanan mencakup setiap orang yang bekerja atau dipekerjakan di atas kapal perikanan berdasarkan perintah pemilik kapal atau nahkoda. awak kapal perikanan (nelayan buruh) di aceh umumnya berasal dari kelompok ekonomi rentan, dimana tingkat pendidikan yang rendah membatasi akses mereka terhadap informasi hukum. perlindungan awak kapal perikanan sebagai nelayan buruh merupakan bagian dari perlindungan hukum tenaga kerja yang bertujuan mengoreksi ketimpangan relasi kerja. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyelenggaraan perlindungan awak kapal perikanan (nelayan buruh), mengkaji implementasi perlindungan berdasarkan undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 2016, serta menganalisis efektivitas implementasinya di pelabuhan perikanan samudera (pps) kutaraja lampulo dan pelabuhan perikanan nusantara (ppn) kuala idi, provinsi aceh. penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif. data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap nelayan buruh, pemilik kapal, nahkoda, serta instansi pemerintah yang terkait dengan penyelenggaraan perlindungan awak kapal perikanan. analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan perlindungan awak kapal perikanan di kedua pelabuhan masih didominasi oleh hubungan kerja informal tanpa perjanjian kerja laut, rendahnya kepesertaan jaminan sosial, belum optimalnya penerapan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, serta lemahnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya kesenjangan implementasi (implementation gap) antara ketentuan dalam undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 2016 dengan praktik perlindungan di lapangan. permasalahan utama bukan terletak pada substansi regulasi, melainkan pada belum efektifnya implementasi, koordinasi antarinstansi, serta kepatuhan para pemangku kepentingan. oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi pelaksana, peningkatan pengawasan, penegakan hukum yang konsisten, serta penelitian lanjutan dengan cakupan lokasi yang lebih luas dan pendekatan mixed methods untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang lebih komprehensif. kata kunci: awak kapal perikanan, nelayan buruh, perlindungan nelayan buruh, implementasi kebijakan, efektivitas perlindungan

ABSTRACT Fishing vessel crew members constitute the principal workforce in capture fisheries, playing a direct role throughout the fish production process, from harvesting to onboard handling of the catch. Conceptually, fishing vessel crew members encompass all individuals employed or engaged aboard fishing vessels under the authority of the vessel owner or captain. In Aceh, Indonesia, these crew members—predominantly wage fishers generally originate from socioeconomically vulnerable groups, with limited educational attainment restricting their access to legal knowledge and awareness of their labor rights. The legal protection of fishing vessel crew members as wage fishers constitutes an integral component of labor protection aimed at addressing structural imbalances in employment relationships. This study aims to analyze the institutional framework for the protection of fishing vessel crew members, examine the implementation of protection measures under Law Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Fishers, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers, and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation at Kutaraja Lampulo Ocean Fishing Port (PPS Kutaraja Lampulo) and Kuala Idi Archipelagic Fishing Port (PPN Kuala Idi) in Aceh Province. A qualitative research approach employing a descriptive research design was adopted. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving wage fishers, vessel owners, captains, and relevant government institutions responsible for fisheries labor protection. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the protection of fishing vessel crew members at both fishing ports remains predominantly characterized by informal employment relationships without Maritime Employment Agreements, low participation in social security programs, inadequate implementation of occupational safety and health (OSH) standards, and weak monitoring and law enforcement mechanisms. The study further identifies a substantial implementation gap between the provisions of Law Number 7 of 2016 and the actual protection practices observed in the field. The principal challenge lies not in the substantive legal framework itself but in the ineffective implementation of the law, limited inter-agency coordination, and insufficient compliance among key stakeholders. Accordingly, strengthening implementing regulations, enhancing regulatory oversight, ensuring consistent law enforcement, and conducting further research across broader geographical settings using mixed-methods approaches are essential to developing more comprehensive and evidence-based policy recommendations. Keywords: Fishing Vessel Crew Members; Wage Fishers; Legal Protection; Policy Implementation; Protection Effectiveness.