Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Limbah hasil pengolahan ikan tongkol (euthynnus affinis) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal sehingga berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. limbah ikan tongkol tersebut masih mengandung protein, lemak, mineral, dan zat gizi lain yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan ternak unggas. selain limbah ikan tongkol, limbah pertanian seperti kulit pisang dan kulit ari kedelai juga memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup baik. berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, tepung limbah ikan tongkol (tlit) dikombinasikan dengan tepung kulit pisang fermentasi (tkpf), tepung kulit ari kedelai fermentasi (tka), dan bahan pakan lain dalam bahan pakan substitusi (bps) untuk menggantikan sebagian ransum komersil ayam broiler. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol dalam bahan pakan substitusi terhadap performa ayam broiler. penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium lapangan peternakan (llp), program studi peternakan, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, darussalam, banda aceh. penelitian dilakukan selama 35 hari mulai april sampai mei 2026. materi yang digunakan adalah 100 ekor doc ayam broiler strain mb 202 produksi pt japfa comfeed indonesia. ransum dasar yang digunakan adalah ransum komersil cp 511 dan cp 512 bravo produksi pt charoen pokphand. penelitian menggunakan bahan pakan substitusi berupa tepung limbah ikan tongkol (tlit), tepung kulit pisang fermentasi (tkpf), tepung kulit ari kedelai fermentasi (tka), tepung kulit telur (tkt), menir, dedak padi, minyak nabati, topmix, dan tepung ikan lokal komersil (tik) sebagai pembanding. penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (ral) terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. perlakuan terdiri atas ra = 100% ransum komersil; rb = 75% ransum komersil + 25% bps dengan tepung ikan komersil 4%; rc = 75% ransum komersil + 25% bps dengan tepung ikan komersil 8%; rd = 75% ransum komersil + 25% bps dengan tlit 4%; dan re = 75% ransum komersil + 25% bps dengan tlit 8%. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol ditambah dengan beberapa bahan pakan alternatif lain dalam bahan pakan substitusi tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, berat badan akhir, pertambahan berat badan, konversi ransum, dan efisiensi penggunaan ransum ayam broiler. rataan konsumsi ransum selama penelitian berkisar antara 560,31–582,62 g/ekor/minggu, sedangkan rataan berat badan akhir 1679–1723 g/ekor, rataan pertambahan berat badan 327,73–336,61 g/ekor/minggu, dan nilai konversi ransum 1,67–1,76. hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol hingga taraf 8% dalam bahan pakan substitusi masih mampu mempertahankan performa ayam broiler setara dengan penggunaan tepung ikan komersil maupun ransum komersil penuh. mortalitas selama penelitian tergolong rendah dan masih berada pada batas normal pemeliharaan ayam broiler. berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepung limbah ikan tongkol dapat digunakan sampai taraf 8% ditambah dengan beberapa bahan pakan alternatif lain dalam bahan pakan substitusi untuk menggantikan sebagian penggunaan tepung ikan komersil dalam ransum tanpa menurunkan performa produksi ayam broiler. penggunaan limbah ikan tongkol sebagai bahan pakan alternatif juga berpotensi membantu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan sekaligus meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah hasil samping perikanan.

Waste from the processing of skipjack tuna (Euthynnus affinis) has not been optimally utilized, posing a potential risk of environmental pollution. This skipjack tuna waste still contains relatively high levels of protein, fat, minerals, and other nutrients, making it suitable for use as poultry feed. In addition to skipjack tuna waste, agricultural byproducts such as banana peels and fermented soybean hulls also have a fairly high nutritional content. Based on these issues, skipjack tuna waste meal (TLIT) was combined with fermented banana peel meal (TKPF), fermented soybean hull meal (TKA), and other feed ingredients in a feed substitute (BPS) to partially replace commercial broiler chicken feed. This study aimed to determine the effect of using skipjack tuna waste meal in the feed substitute on broiler chicken performance. The study was conducted at the Field Animal Husbandry Laboratory (LLP), Animal Science Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The study was conducted over 35 days from April to May 2026. The study subjects consisted of 100 day-old chicks (DOC) of the MB 202 broiler strain produced by PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia. The base diets used were the commercial diets CP 511 and CP 512 Bravo produced by PT Charoen Pokphand. The study utilized feed substitutes in the form of skipjack tuna waste meal (TLIT), fermented banana peel meal (TKPF), fermented soybean hull meal (TKA), eggshell meal (TKT), corn gluten meal, rice bran, vegetable oil, topmix, and commercial local fish meal (TIK) as a control. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were as follows: RA = 100% commercial diet; RB = 75% commercial diet + 25% BPS with 4% commercial fish meal; RC = 75% commercial diet + 25% BPS with 8% commercial fish meal; RD = 75% commercial diet + 25% BPS with 4% TLIT; and RE = 75% commercial diet + 25% BPS with 8% TLIT. The results of the study showed that the use of skipjack tuna waste meal combined with several other alternative feed ingredients in the substitute diet had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake, final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency in broiler chickens. Average feed intake during the study ranged from 560.31 to 582.62 g/bird/week, while the average final body weight was 1,679–1,723 g/bird, the average weight gain was 327.73–336.61 g/bird/week, and the feed conversion ratio was 1.67–1.76. These results indicate that the use of skipjack tuna waste meal up to 8% in the replacement diet is still capable of maintaining broiler chicken performance comparable to that achieved with commercial fish meal or a full commercial diet. Mortality during the study was low and remained within the normal range for broiler chicken rearing. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that skipjack tuna waste meal can be used at levels up to 8%, combined with several other alternative feed ingredients in a substitute feed formulation, to partially replace commercial fish meal in the diet without reducing broiler chicken production performance. The use of skipjack tuna waste as an alternative feed ingredient also has the potential to help reduce environmental pollution while increasing the economic value of fishery byproducts.