Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu ternak penghasil daging yang memiliki pertumbuhan cepat sehingga membutuhkan ketersediaan nutrien yang optimal, terutama protein. tingginya biaya pakan menjadi salah satu kendala dalam usaha peternakan ayam broiler. pemanfaatan limbah ikan tongkol sebagai bahan pakan alternatif dapat menjadi salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan pakan konvensional. penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan pakan alternatif berupa tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari kedelai fermentasi, dan tepung cangkang telur terhadap bobot dan persentase karkas ayam broiler. penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium lapangan peternakan, departemen peternakan, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, banda aceh selama 5 minggu, yaitu mulai tanggal 4 april sampai dengan 9 mei 2026. penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor day old chick (doc) ayam broiler strain mb202p produksi pt japfa, medan. bahan yang digunakan terdiri atas ransum komersil cp511/512 bravo produksi pt charoen pokphand, tepung limbah ikan tongkol (tlit), tepung ikan lokal komersil (tik), tepung kulit pisang fermentasi (tkpf), tepung kulit ari fermentasi, dedak padi, menir, tepung kulit telur, top mix, dan minyak nabati. rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (ral) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. parameter yang diamati meliputi bobot dan persentase karkas, potongan karkas (dada, paha, sayap, dan punggung), serta organ luar nonkarkas (kepala, leher, shank, dan bulu). hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ransum berbahan tepung limbah ikan tongkol (tlit) yang dikombinasikan dengan tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari kedelai fermentasi, tepung kulit telur, dedak padi, menir, minyak nabati, dan top mix tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap bobot dan persentase karkas ayam broiler. bobot karkas tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil (ra), sedangkan bobot karkas pada perlakuan penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol hingga level 8% menunjukkan nilai yang relatif sama dengan perlakuan penggunaan tepung ikan komersil. hasil pengamatan terhadap persentase potongan karkas menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap persentase dada, paha, sayap, dan punggung ayam broiler. perbedaan nilai rataan antar perlakuan masih berada dalam kisaran normal, yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan pakan alternatif mampu mempertahankan distribusi pertumbuhan bagian karkas ayam broiler. pengamatan terhadap organ luar nonkarkas menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian tepung limbah ikan tongkol juga tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap bobot dan persentase kepala, leher, shank, dan bulu ayam broiler. hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nutrien dalam ransum perlakuan masih mampu memenuhi kebutuhan ayam broiler sehingga pertumbuhan organ luar nonkarkas tetap relatif stabil. berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol yang dikombinasikan dengan tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari kedelai fermentasi, tepung kulit telur, dedak padi, menir, minyak nabati, dan top mix sebagai bahan pakan alternatif hingga level 8% tidak menurunkan bobot dan persentase karkas, potongan karkas, serta organ luar nonkarkas ayam broiler. penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol dapat menjadi alternatif bahan pakan sumber protein pengganti sebagian tepung ikan komersil karena menghasilkan performa karkas yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan pembanding.

Broiler chickens are a type of meat-producing livestock that grow rapidly and therefore require optimal nutrient availability, especially protein. High feed costs are a major obstacle in broiler chicken farming. Utilizing skipjack tuna waste as an alternative feed ingredient can be one way to reduce the use of conventional feed ingredients. This study was conducted to assess the effect of using skipjack tuna waste meal combined with alternative feed ingredients such as fermented banana peel meal, fermented soybean hull meal, and eggshell meal on the weight and percentage of broiler carcasses. This study was conducted at the Animal Husbandry Field Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, for five weeks, from April 4 to May 9, 2026. The study used 100 day-old chicks (DOC) of the MB202P strain of broiler chickens produced by PT Japfa, Medan. The ingredients used consisted of commercial ration CP511/512 Bravo produced by PT Charoen Pokphand, tuna fish waste meal (TLIT), commercial local fish meal (TIK), fermented banana peel meal (TKPF), fermented bran meal, rice bran, groundnut meal, eggshell meal, top mix, and vegetable oil. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. Observed parameters included carcass weight and percentage, carcass cuts (breast, thigh, wings, and back), and non-carcass external organs (head, neck, shank, and feathers). The results showed that the use of a ration made from tuna waste meal (TLIT) combined with fermented banana peel meal, fermented soybean hull meal, eggshell meal, rice bran, groundnut meal, vegetable oil, and top mix had no significant effect (P>0.05) on broiler carcass weight and percentage. The highest carcass weight was achieved with the 100% commercial ration (RA) treatment, while carcass weights in treatments using tuna waste meal up to 8% showed relatively similar values ​​to those using commercial fish meal. Observations on carcass cut percentages showed that the use of tuna waste meal had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the percentages of breast, thigh, wing, and back of broiler chickens. The differences in mean values ​​between treatments remained within the normal range, indicating that the use of tuna waste meal combined with alternative feed ingredients was able to maintain the distribution of carcass growth in broiler chickens. Observations of non-carcass external organs showed that the provision of tuna fish waste meal also had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight and percentage of head, neck, shank, and feathers of broiler chickens. This indicates that the nutrients in the treatment ration were still sufficient to meet the needs of broiler chickens, allowing the growth of non-carcass external organs to remain relatively stable. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of tuna fish waste meal combined with fermented banana peel meal, fermented soybean hull meal, eggshell meal, rice bran, groats, vegetable oil, and top mix as an alternative feed ingredient at levels up to 8% did not reduce the weight and percentage of carcasses, carcass cuts, and non-carcass external organs of broiler chickens. The use of tuna fish waste meal can be an alternative protein source to replace some commercial fishmeals because it produced carcass performance that was not significantly different from the comparison treatment.