Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Potensi usaha peternakan ayam broiler masih sangat menjanjikan seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap sumber protein hewani, khususnya daging ayam broiler. namun demikian, tingginya biaya pakan yang mencapai sebagian besar dari total biaya produksi menjadi kendala utama dalam usaha peternakan ayam broiler. salah satu upaya untuk menekan biaya pakan adalah dengan memanfaatkan bahan pakan alternatif yang murah dan mudah diperoleh, seperti tepung limbah ikan tongkol (euthynnus affinis) yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa bahan pakan lain berupa tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari fermentasi, dedak padi, menir, minyak nabati, tepung kulit telur, dan top mix. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek ekonomi penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol sebagai bahan substitusi sebagian ransum komersil yang meliputi analisis penerimaan, biaya produksi, income over feed cost (iofc), keuntungan, dan kelayakan usaha pemeliharaan ayam broiler. penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium lapangan peternakan, departemen peternakan, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, banda aceh selama 5 minggu, yaitu mulai tanggal 4 april sampai dengan 9 mei 2026. penelitian menggunakan 100 ekor day old chick (doc) ayam broiler strain mb202p produksi pt japfa, medan. bahan yang digunakan terdiri atas ransum komersil cp511/512 bravo produksi pt charoen pokphand, tepung limbah ikan tongkol (tlit), tepung ikan lokal komersil (tik), tepung kulit pisang fermentasi (tkpf), tepung kulit ari fermentasi, dedak padi, menir, tepung kulit telur, top mix, dan minyak nabati. rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (ral) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. parameter yang diamati meliputi total penerimaan (revenue), total biaya produksi (cost), income over feed cost (iofc), total keuntungan (income), dan analisis kelayakan usaha yang meliputi b/c ratio, r/c ratio, serta break even point (bep). hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil (ra), yaitu sebesar rp48.244,00/ekor, sedangkan penerimaan terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan 4% tepung limbah ikan tongkol yang dikombinasikan dengan tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari fermentasi, dedak, menir, minyak nabati, tepung kulit telur, dan top mix (rd), yaitu sebesar rp47.012,00/ekor. total biaya produksi tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil, yaitu sebesar rp46.149,54/ekor, sedangkan total biaya terendah terdapat pada perlakuan rd sebesar rp41.880,70/ekor. penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol dalam ransum mampu menurunkan harga ransum per kilogram dan biaya ransum dibandingkan dengan penggunaan ransum komersil penuh. biaya ransum tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil sebesar rp31.622,99/ekor, sedangkan biaya ransum terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan rd sebesar rp27.354,15/ekor. hasil perhitungan income over feed cost (iofc) dan total keuntungan menunjukkan bahwa keuntungan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan rd, yaitu sebesar rp5.131,30/ekor dengan nilai iofc sebesar rp19.657,85/ekor. sebaliknya, keuntungan terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan penggunaan 100% ransum komersil (ra), yaitu sebesar rp2.094,46/ekor dengan nilai iofc sebesar rp16.621,01/ekor. hasil analisis kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan menghasilkan nilai b/c ratio > 0 dan r/c ratio > 1 sehingga layak diterapkan dalam usaha pemeliharaan ayam broiler. nilai b/c ratio dan r/c ratio tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan rd, masing-masing sebesar 0,12 dan 1,12, dengan nilai bep harga produk sebesar rp24.943,83/kg dan bep produk sebesar 1.522,93 g/ekor. dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol yang dikombinasikan dengan tepung kulit pisang fermentasi, tepung kulit ari fermentasi, dedak padi, menir, minyak nabati, tepung kulit telur, dan top mix sebagai bahan pakan substitusi mampu menurunkan harga ransum per kilogram serta biaya ransum dibandingkan penggunaan ransum komersil penuh. penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol pada level 4% menghasilkan nilai iofc, keuntungan, dan kelayakan usaha yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. secara umum, penggunaan tepung limbah ikan tongkol sebagai bahan pakan alternatif memberikan hasil ekonomi yang lebih baik dibandingkan penggunaan ransum komersil penuh maupun penggunaan tepung ikan lokal komersil sebagai bahan substitusi.

The potential for the broiler chicken farming industry remains highly promising, in line with the public’s growing demand for animal protein sources, particularly broiler chicken meat. However, the high cost of feed which accounts for the majority of total production costs remains the primary obstacle in the broiler chicken farming industry. One strategy to reduce feed costs is to utilize inexpensive and readily available alternative feed ingredients, such as skipjack tuna (Euthynnus affinis) waste meal combined with other feed ingredients including fermented banana peel meal, fermented rice bran meal, rice bran, broken rice, vegetable oil, eggshell meal, and top mix. This study aims to analyze the economic aspects of using skipjack tuna waste meal as a partial substitute for commercial feed, including an analysis of revenue, production costs, Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC), profit, and the feasibility of the broiler chicken farming business. This study was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, over a period of 5 weeks, from April 4 to May 9, 2026. The study used 100 day-old chicks (DOC) of the MB202P broiler strain produced by PT Japfa, Medan. The ingredients used consisted of commercial CP511/512 Bravo feed produced by PT Charoen Pokphand, skipjack tuna waste meal (TLIT), commercial local fish meal (TIK), fermented banana peel meal (TKPF), fermented rice bran meal, rice bran, rice germ, eggshell meal, top mix, and vegetable oil. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The parameters observed included total revenue, total production costs, Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC), total profit, and a business feasibility analysis covering the B/C ratio, R/C ratio, and Break-Even Point (BEP). The analysis results showed that the highest revenue was obtained in the treatment using 100% commercial feed (RA ), amounting to Rp48,244.00 per chiken, while the lowest revenue was obtained in the treatment using 4% skipjack fish waste meal combined with fermented banana peel meal, fermented rice bran meal, rice bran, rice germ, vegetable oil, eggshell meal, and top mix (RD ), amounting to Rp47,012.00 per chiken. The highest total production cost was observed in the treatment using 100% commercial feed, amounting to Rp46,149.54 per chiken, while the lowest total cost was found in the (RD) treatment at Rp41,880.70 per chiken. The use of skipjack tuna waste meal in the ration was able to reduce the ration price per kilogram and the ration cost compared to the use of a full commercial ration. The highest feed cost was observed in the treatment using 100% commercial feed at Rp31,622.99 per chiken, while the lowest feed cost was achieved in the (RD) treatment at Rp27,354.15 per chiken. Calculations of Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) and total profit showed that the highest profit was obtained in the (RD) treatment, amounting to Rp5,131.30 per chiken with an IOFC value of Rp19,657.85 per chiken. Conversely, the lowest profit was obtained in the treatment using 100% commercial feed (RA), amounting to Rp2,094.46 per chiken with an IOFC value of Rp16,621.01 per chiken. The feasibility analysis results indicate that all treatments yielded a B/C ratio > 0 and an R/C ratio > 1, making them feasible for application in broiler chicken farming. The highest B/C and R/C ratios were obtained in the (RD) treatment, at 0.12 and 1.12, respectively, with a product price BEP of Rp24,943.83/kg and a product BEP of 1,522.93 g/chiken. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of skipjack tuna waste meal combined with fermented banana peel meal, fermented rice bran, rice bran, rice germ, vegetable oil, eggshell meal, and top mix as feed substitutes is capable of reducing the feed price per kilogram and feed costs compared to the use of full commercial feed. The use of skipjack tuna waste meal at a 4% level resulted in better IOFC values, profits, and business viability compared to the other treatments. In general, the use of skipjack tuna waste meal as an alternative feed ingredient provided better economic results compared to the use of a full commercial diet or the use of commercial local fish meal as a substitute ingredient.