Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (fma) merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme tanah yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan membantu tanaman dalam menyerap unsur hara. keberadaan fma di dalam tanah dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor lingkungan, salah satunya adalah ketinggian tempat. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah dan keanekaragaman spora fma pada beberapa ketinggian di kecamatan seulimuem kabupaten aceh besar melalui metode kultur trapping. penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksploratif dengan kultur trapping. pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan di desa bayu, kecamatan seulimuem, kabupaten aceh besar pada tiga ketinggian, yaitu 0–200 mdpl, 201–400 mdpl, dan 401–600 mdpl. kegiatan kultur trapping dilakukan di rumah kaca fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala, sedangkan pengamatan kolonisasi akar, isolasi spora, dan identifikasi fma dilakukan di laboratorium biologi tanah fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala. parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum, kolonisasi akar, jumlah spora, serta keanekaragaman jenis spora fma. isolasi spora dilakukan dengan metode wet sieving dan centrifugation, sedangkan identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi spora, meliputi warna, bentuk, ukuran, serta karakter dinding spora, dengan mengacu pada deskripsi spesies dalam invam (international collection of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi). hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum meningkat pada seluruh perlakuan ketinggian selama 1–8 mst. pada pengamatan akhir, rata-rata tinggi tanaman tertinggi terdapat pada ketinggian 0–200 m dpl, sedangkan rata-rata jumlah daun terbanyak terdapat pada ketinggian 0–200 m dpl. rata-rata kolonisasi dan jumlah spora fma terbanyak terdapat pada ketinggian 0–200 mdpl yaitu 13,5% kriteria rendah. jumlah spora 41,3 spora per 50 g tanah. hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan dua genus fma, yaitu acaulospora (701 spora) dan glomus (468 spora) berturut-turut. sebanyak 12 spesies berhasil diidentifikasi, dengan spesies yang paling dominan secara keseluruhan adalah acaulospora capsicula sebanyak 265 spora atau 22,67%. keanekaragaman tertinggi ditemukan pada ketinggian 0–200 m dpl, yaitu sebanyak 11 spesies.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are one type of soil microorganism that play an important role in improving soil fertility and helping plants absorb nutrients. The presence of AMF in the soil can be influenced by various environmental factors, one of which is altitude. This study aims to find out the number and diversity of AMF spores at different heights in Seulimuem Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency, through a culture trapping method. This study used an exploratory method with culture trapping. Soil sampling was carried out in Bayu Village, Seulimuem District, Aceh Besar Regency at three elevations, namely 0–200 meters above sea level, 201–400 meters, and 401–600 meters. The culture trapping activities were conducted in the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, while root colonization observation, spore isolation, and FMA identification were carried out in the Soil Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The observed parameters included sorghum plant growth, root colonization, spore count, and the diversity of FMA spore types. Spore isolation was done using the wet sieving and centrifugation method, while identification was based on spore morphological characteristics, including color, shape, size, and spore wall characteristics, referring to species descriptions in INVAM (International Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi). Research results show that sorghum plant growth increased under all height treatments during 1–8 weeks after sowing (WAS). In the final observation, the highest average plant height was found at an elevation of 0–200 m above sea level, while the highest average number of leaves was also at 0–200 m above sea level. The highest average colonization and number of AMF spores were found at 0–200 m above sea level, which was 13.5% under the low category. The number of spores was 41.3 spores per 50 g of soil. Identification results showed that two AMF genera were found, namely Acaulospora (701 spores) and Glomus (468 spores), respectively. A total of 12 species were successfully identified, with the overall most dominant species being Acaulospora capsicula with 265 spores or 22.67%. The highest diversity was found at an elevation of 0–200 m above sea level, with a total of 11 species.