Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Tinggong adalah salah satu jenis padi lokal aceh yang berasal dari aceh jaya yang memiliki keunggulan dalam ketahanan terhadap kekeringan, bentuk biji ramping dan mengkilap, rasa nasi khas setelah dimasak, tekstur nasi lembut dan kemampuan beradaptasi yang menjadi nilai tambah. terlepas dari kelebihan dan nilai tambahnya, tinggong memiliki kelemahan diantaranya tanaman tinggi, berumur panjang dan kurang tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri serta cekaman rendaman. penelitian mengenai karakter agromorfologis dan keragaman genetik turunan padi tinggong memiliki urgensi yang tinggi untuk menghadapi tantangan global. hasil penelitian ini diharapkan tidak hanya berkontribusi pada inovasi akademis, tetapi juga memberikan dampak nyata pada ketahanan pangan, kesejahteraan petani, dan pelestarian sumber daya genetik lokal. penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan, fakultas pertanian dengan ketinggian 4,62 mdpl, laboratorium genetika dan pemuliaan tanaman serta laboratorium ilmu dan teknologi benih, departemen agroteknologi, fakultas pertanian, universitas syiah kuala, darussalam banda aceh. pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dari bulan juli – desember 2025. penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (rak) pola non faktorial. galur yang diteliti berasal dari 3 galur bc4f3 hasil persilangan padi tinggong/swarna dan 2 galur bc4f6 hasil persilangan padi tinggong/irbb27 yang diambil dari setiap 3 malainya. susunan perlakuan galur padi hasil persilangan tinggong/swarna dan tinggong/irbb27 (g) yaitu: t41.9.12.2 (g1m1, g1m2, g1m3); t41.8.8.6 (g2m1, g2m2, g2m3); t41.9.21.3 (g3m1, g3m2, g3m3); t35.7.5.13.5 (g4m1, g4m2, g4m3) dan t.35.7.5.16.4 (g5m1, g5m2, g5m3). parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman umur 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8 mst serta saat panen, jumlah anakan umur 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8 mst serta saat panen, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, jumlah biji berisi per malai, bobot gabah berisi per rumpun, persentase bobot gabah berisi, bobot 1000 biji, estimasi potensi hasil dan kadar klorofil. hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas galur padi turunan tinggong/irbb27 dan tinggong/swarna berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap terhadap sebagian besar karakter agronomi dan komponen hasil yang diamati. karakter agronomi padi turunan bc4f6 tinggong/irbb27 dan bc4f3 tinggong/swarna lebih baik dijumpai pada galur g2m2 (t41.8.8.6), g2m3 (t41.8.8.6), g1m1 (t41.9.12.2), g1m3 (t41.9.12.2) dan g3m2 (t41.9.21.3). potensi hasil padi turunan bc4f6 tinggong/irbb27 dan bc4f3 tinggong/swarna lebih tinggi dijumpai pada galur g3m2 (t41.9.21.3), g5m1, g5m2 (t35.7.5.16.4). hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan hubungan positif antara bobot gabah berisi per rumpun dengan potensi hasil, antara persentase gabah berisi dengan bobot gabah berisi, serta antara bobot 1000 biji dengan potensi hasil, yang mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan pada variabel-variabel tersebut akan diikuti oleh peningkatan potensi hasil. sebaliknya, korelasi negatif ditemukan antara panjang malai dengan umur berbunga dan umur panen, serta antara jumlah anakan dengan bobot 1000 biji, yang menunjukkan hubungan berbanding terbalik antar variabel tersebut.

Tinggong is a local rice variety from Aceh Jaya that offers advantages such as drought tolerance, slender and glossy grains, a distinctive flavor when cooked, a soft texture, and adaptability, all of which add value. Despite its advantages and added value, Tinggong has some weaknesses, including tall plants, a long growing season, and low resistance to bacterial leaf blight and waterlogging. Research on the agromorphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Tinggong rice varieties is of high urgency in addressing global challenges. The results of this research are expected not only to contribute to academic innovation but also to have a tangible impact on food security, farmers’ well-being, and the conservation of local genetic resources. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, located at an elevation of 4.62 meters above sea level, as well as at the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding and the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The study was conducted from July to December 2025. This study was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD). The lines studied were derived from 3 BC4F3 lines resulting from the cross between Tinggong and Swarna rice varieties and 2 BC4F6 lines resulting from the cross between Tinggong and IRBB27 rice varieties, each selected from 3 panicles. The treatment arrangement for the rice lines resulting from the Tinggong/Swarna and Tinggong/IRBB27 crosses (G) was as follows: T41.9.12.2 (G1M1, G1M2, G1M3); T41.8.8.6 (G2M1, G2M2, G2M3); T41.9.21.3 (G3M1, G3M2, G3M3); T35.7.5.13.5 (G4M1, G4M2, G4M3); and T35.7.5.16.4 (G5M1, G5M2, G5M3). The parameters observed were plant height at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 MST and at harvest; the number of tillers at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 MST and at harvest; flowering age; harvest age; panicle length; number of filled seeds per panicle, weight of filled grains per plant, percentage of filled grains, weight of 1,000 seeds, estimated yield potential, and chlorophyll content. The results of the study indicate that the growth and productivity of the rice lines derived from Tinggong/IRBB27 and Tinggong/Swarna had a highly significant effect on most of the agronomic traits and yield components observed. The agronomic traits of the BC4F6 Tinggong/IRBB27 and BC4F3 Tinggong/Swarna rice derivatives were found to be superior in the G2M2 (T41.8.8.6), G2M3 (T41.8.8.6), G1M1 (T41.9.12.2), G1M3 (T41.9.12.2), and G3M2 (T41.9.21.3). Higher potential rice yields from the BC4F6 Tinggong/IRBB27 and BC4F3 Tinggong/Swarna crosses were observed in the G3M2 (T41.9.21.3), G5M1, and G5M2 (T35.7.5.16.4) lines. Correlation analysis results show a positive relationship between the weight of filled grains per hill and yield potential, between the percentage of filled grains and the weight of filled grains, and between the weight of 1,000 grains and yield potential, indicating that an increase in these variables will be followed by an increase in yield potential. Conversely, a negative correlation was found between panicle length and flowering age and harvest age, as well as between the number of tillers and the weight of 1,000 seeds, indicating an inverse relationship among these variables.