Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Kabupaten bener meriah merupakan sentra utama kopi arabika gayo di provinsi aceh. keberlanjutan produksinya terancam oleh penyakit jamur akar putih yang disebabkan oleh rigidoporus microporus, patogen tular tanah yang menyebabkan pembusukan akar hingga kematian tanaman dengan tingkat keparahan 16,67–48,33% di wilayah gayo. sebaran jap diduga dipengaruhi ketinggian tempat dan kerapatan pohon pelindung, namun informasi spasialnya belum memadai untuk mendukung pengendalian yang terarah. penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan distribusi indikatif jap di kabupaten bener meriah berdasarkan ketinggian tempat dan kerapatan naungan. penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun kopi rakyat kabupaten bener meriah pada oktober 2025 sampai dengan januari 2026 dengan metode survei deskriptif spasial. titik sampel ditetapkan secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kombinasi empat kelas ketinggian (1.400 mdpl) dan tiga kelas kerapatan naungan (rapat, sedang, jarang), menghasilkan 21 plot aktual dari 48 plot rancangan. identifikasi patogen dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan media pda dengan metode direct plating (sampel akar) dan dilution plate (sampel tanah), dilanjutkan pengamatan morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis. analisis spasial menggunakan arcgis melalui digitasi on-screen, spatial join, dan proximity (near) radius 25 m yang ditetapkan berdasarkan jarak tanam kopi dan kajian penyebaran patogen akar; batas kelas indikatif ditetapkan berdasarkan pendekatan biologis tersebut menghasilkan tiga kelas, yakni terserang tinggi, terserang ringan, dan tidak terserang. hasil pengamatan pada 351 tanaman (21 plot) menunjukkan kejadian jap berkisar 12,00–56,25% (111 tanaman terserang), dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi pada elevasi rendah (k1: 37,00%) dibanding elevasi tinggi (k4: 27,62%) dan pada naungan sedang (32,33%) dibanding naungan rapat (31,68%). isolasi dan identifikasi laboratorium mengonfirmasi keberadaan r. microporus berdasarkan ciri makroskopis (koloni putih berserat pada pda) dan mikroskopis (hifa hialin bersekat, cystidioles, clamp connection). peta distribusi menunjukkan dominasi kelas tidak terserang (33.568,97 ha; 96,91%) dari total 34.641,03 ha; kelas terserang tinggi 580,60 ha (1,68%); dan kelas terserang ringan 491,46 ha (1,42%). berdasarkan ketinggian tempat, kelas terserang tinggi dan terserang ringan paling luas dijumpai pada elevasi 1.200–1.400 mdpl (274,62 ha dan 384,89 ha), zona optimal budidaya kopi arabika gayo. berdasarkan kerapatan naungan, kelas terserang tinggi dan terserang ringan paling luas dijumpai pada naungan rapat (520,67 ha dan 489,95 ha). serangan jap ditemukan pada seluruh kelas elevasi dan kerapatan naungan. penelitian ini menghasilkan peta distribusi indikatif jap di kabupaten bener meriah. sebaran penyakit terkonsentrasi pada lokasi tertentu sesuai karakteristik penyebaran lokal patogen tular tanah melalui kontak akar. elevasi 1.200–1.400 mdpl dan naungan rapat merupakan zona prioritas pemantauan dan pengendalian. peta yang dihasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar spasial dalam mendukung penentuan area prioritas pemantauan dan pengendalian penyakit di lapangan, meskipun bersifat indikatif dan memerlukan verifikasi berkala untuk meningkatkan akurasi penerapannya.

Bener Meriah Regency is a major center for Gayo Arabica coffee production in Aceh Province. Sustainable production is threatened by white root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus, a soil-borne pathogen that causes root rot and plant death with a severity of 16.67–48.33% in the Gayo region. The distribution of white root disease (JAP) is thought to be influenced by altitude and shade tree density, but spatial information is inadequate to support targeted control. This study aimed to map the indicative distribution of JAP in Bener Meriah Regency based on altitude and shade density. The study was conducted in smallholder coffee plantations in Bener Meriah Regency from October 2025 to January 2026 using a spatial descriptive survey method. Sampling points were determined by purposive sampling based on a combination of four altitude classes (1,400 masl) and three shade density classes (dense, moderate, sparse), resulting in 21 actual plots out of 48 designed plots. Pathogen identification was conducted in the laboratory using PDA media using the direct plating method (root samples) and dilution plate (soil samples), followed by macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS through on-screen digitization, Spatial Join, and a 25-m Proximity (Near) radius, determined based on coffee plant spacing and studies of root pathogen distribution. Indicative class boundaries were established based on this biological approach, resulting in three classes: highly infested, lightly infested, and uninfested. Observations on 351 plants (21 plots) showed JAP incidence ranging from 12.00% to 56.25% (111 plants infested), with a higher tendency at low elevations (K1: 37.00%) compared to high elevations (K4: 27.62%), and in moderate shade (32.33%) compared to dense shade (31.68%). Laboratory isolation and identification confirmed the presence of R. microporus based on macroscopic (white, fibrous colonies on PDA) and microscopic characteristics (septate hyaline hyphae, cystidioles, and clamp connections). The distribution map showed a dominant uninfested class (33,568.97 ha; 96.91%) of a total area of ​​34,641.03 ha; a highly infested class (580.60 ha; 1.68%); and a lightly infested class (491.46 ha; 1.42%). Based on altitude, the highly infested and lightly infested classes were most prevalent at elevations of 1,200–1,400 masl (274.62 ha and 384.89 ha, respectively), the optimal zone for Gayo Arabica coffee cultivation. Based on shade density, the highly infested and lightly infested classes were most prevalent in dense shade (520.67 ha and 489.95 ha, respectively). JAP infestation was found in all elevation and shade density classes. This study produced an indicative distribution map of JAP in Bener Meriah Regency. The disease's distribution is concentrated in specific locations, consistent with the local spread characteristics of soil-borne pathogens through root contact. Elevations of 1,200–1,400 masl and dense shade are priority zones for monitoring and control. The resulting map can be used as a spatial basis to support the determination of priority areas for disease monitoring and control in the field, although it is indicative and requires regular verification to improve the accuracy of its application.