Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Pemanfaatan limbah kulit nanas sebagai sumber selulosa dan gula merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan baku yang potensial dalam pengembangan plastik biodegradable ramah lingkungan. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan plastik biodegradable berbasis bakteria selulosa yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi limbah kulit nanas menggunakan acetobacter xylinum serta mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi bakteria selulosa terhadap karakteristik fisik, mekanik, dan sifat penghalang plastik yang dihasilkan. penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (ral) satu faktor dengan tiga taraf konsentrasi bakteria selulosa, yaitu 5% (c1), 10% (c2), dan 15% (c3), masing-masing tiga ulangan. parameter yang diamati meliputi ketebalan, kadar air, kuat tarik, pemanjangan saat putus (elongasi), modulus young, laju transmisi uap air (water vapor transmission rate, wvtr), permeabilitas uap air (water vapor permeability, wvp), kelarutan, degradasi, dan transparansi, serta karakterisasi gugus fungsi menggunakan ftir. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteria selulosa yang dihasilkan memiliki berat rata-rata 490,1 ± 34,4 g dan ketebalan 1,31 ± 0,19 cm. analisis ftir mengonfirmasi keberadaan gugus fungsi khas selulosa dengan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 335,4 cm⁻¹ yang menunjukkan gugus o–h. peningkatan konsentrasi bakteria selulosa berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketebalan, oxygen permeability, dan nilai swelling, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter lainnya. perlakuan c3 menghasilkan ketebalan tertinggi (0,10 mm), kuat tarik tertinggi (7,50 mpa), modulus young tertinggi (48,17 mpa), kadar air terendah (34,84%), laju transmisi uap air terendah (2,04 × 10⁻⁶ g m⁻² h⁻¹), serta waktu degradasi terlama (34 hari). sebaliknya, perlakuan c1 memiliki elongasi tertinggi (27,1%), nilai wvp tertinggi (2,08 × 10⁻¹² g m⁻¹ h⁻¹ pa⁻¹), kelarutan tertinggi (19,08%), dan waktu degradasi tercepat (26 hari). berdasarkan hasil penelitian, konsentrasi bakteria selulosa 5% (v/v) menghasilkan karakteristik yang paling baik secara keseluruhan dan berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai bahan kemasan bioplastik yang ramah lingkungan.

The utilization of pineapple peel waste as a source of cellulose and sugar offers a promising alternative raw material for the development of environmentally friendly biodegradable plastics. This study aimed to produce bacterial cellulose-based biodegradable plastic from pineapple peel waste fermented by Acetobacter xylinum and to evaluate the effect of bacterial cellulose concentration on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the resulting bioplastic. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor consisting of three bacterial cellulose concentrations: 5% (C1), 10% (C2), and 15% (C3), each with three replications. The parameters analyzed included thickness, moisture content, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, biodegradation, transparency, and functional group characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the bacterial cellulose produced had an average weight of 490.1 ± 34.4 g and a thickness of 1.31 ± 0.19 cm. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, with an absorption peak at 335.4 cm⁻¹ corresponding to the O–H functional group. Increasing bacterial cellulose concentration significantly affected film thickness, oxygen permeability, and swelling value, but had no significant effect on the other parameters. The C3 treatment exhibited the highest thickness (0.10 mm), the highest tensile strength (7.50 MPa), the highest Young’s modulus (48.17 MPa), the lowest moisture content (34.84%), the lowest water vapor transmission rate (2.04 × 10⁻⁶ g m⁻² h⁻¹), and the longest degradation time (34 days). In contrast, the C1 treatment showed the highest elongation at break (27.1%), the highest water vapor permeability (2.08 × 10⁻¹² g m⁻¹ h⁻¹ Pa⁻¹), the highest solubility (19.08%), and the fastest degradation time (26 days). Based on the overall results, a bacterial cellulose concentration of 5% (v/v) demonstrated the most favorable characteristics and has potential for application as an environmentally friendly bioplastic packaging material.