Electronic Theses and Dissertation

Latar belakang: stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di negara berpendapatan rendah dan menengah. kondisi ini dialami oleh sebagian besar anak dan berkaitan dengan berbagai konsekuensi merugikan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. bukti ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa mikrobiota saluran cerna dan mikrobiota dalam asi berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil mikrobiota dalam asi dan mikrobiota saluran cerna bayi pada bayi stunting di aceh, indonesia, serta menganalisis hubungannya dengan faktor maternal, faktor post natal, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor sosial ekonomi. metode: penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kasus-kontrol yang melibatkan 54 bayi usia 6–11 bulan (27 bayi stunting dan 27 bayi normal), matching berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin. data mengenai karakteristik maternal, bayi, lingkungan, dan sosial ekonomi dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. sampel asi dan feses bayi dianalisis menggunakan metode kultur untuk identifikasi mikrobiota serta perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri dalam satuan colony-forming unit (cfu/ml). hasil: mikrobiota asi pada kelompok bayi stunting didominasi oleh streptococcus sp. (48,1%) dan staphylococcus sp. (40,7%). mikrobiota feses bayi stunting ditandai dengan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi dari escherichia coli (81,5%), streptococcus sp. (55,6%), dan staphylococcus aureus (29,6%) dibandingkan dengan bayi normal. terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada keberadaan staphylococcus aureus (p= 0,018) dan clostridium innocuum (p=0.011) dalam feses, yang lebih banyak ditemukan pada bayi stunting. jumlah koloni bakteri feses secara umum lebih tinggi pada bayi stunting yang mengindikasikan terjadinya disbiosis mikrobiota. tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor maternal, post natal, lingkungan dan sosial ekonomi terhadap profil mikrobiota asi dan feses. kesimpulan: bayi stunting menunjukkan pola mikrobiota asi dan mikrobiota saluran cerna yang berbeda dibandingkan bayi normal. temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa komposisi mikrobiota berpotensi memengaruhi pertumbuhan anak. intervensi yang bertujuan untuk menjaga keseimbangan mikrobiota dapat menjadi salah satu strategi dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. kata kunci: stunting, mikrobiota, air susu ibu, feses, indonesia

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Stunting affects a substantial proportion of children and is associated with both short- and long-term adverse consequences. Emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut and breast milk microbiota in child growth and development. This study aimed to characterize the breast milk microbiota and infant gut microbiota among stunted infants in Aceh, Indonesia, and to examine their associations with maternal, postnatal, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 54 infants aged 6–11 months (27 stunted, 27 normal) matched by age and sex. Data on maternal, infant, environmental, and sosial economic characteristics were collected. Breast milk and fecal samples were cultured for microbiota identification and colony-forming unit (cfu/ml) counts. Results: The breast milk microbiota in the stunted infant group was predominantly composed of Streptococcus sp. (48.1%) and Staphylococcus sp. (40.7%). The fecal microbiota of stunted infants was characterized by a higher prevalence of Escherichia coli (81.5%), Streptococcus sp. (55.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (29.6%) compared with normal infants. A significant difference was observed in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.018) and Clostridium innocuum (p=0.011) in fecal samples, both of which were more frequently detected in stunted infants. The overall fecal bacterial colony counts were also higher in stunted infants, indicating the occurrence of microbiota dysbiosis. A significant association was found between maternal height and the presence of Anaerococcus prevotii (p=0.043) in infant feces, which was more commonly detected among infants born to mothers with short stature. Furthermore, maternal educational level was significantly associated with the presence of Salmonella choleraesuis (p=0.006), Proteus mirabilis (p=0.012), and Eggerthella lenta (p=0.001) in infant feces. A significant relationship was also identified between maternal educational level and the presence of Streptococcus sp. in breast milk (p=0.038). In addition, the breast milk microbiota Streptococcus morbillorum (p=0.041) showed a significant association with household income level. However, no significant associations were found between postnatal and environmental factors and the microbiota profiles of breast milk and infant feces. Conclusion: Infants with stunting showed distinct patterns of breast milk and gut microbiota compared to normal infants, suggesting that microbial composition may influence growth outcomes. Interventions targeting microbiota balance could support stunting prevention strategies. Keywords: stunting, microbiota, breast milk, infant gut, Indonesia